论洗钱犯罪所得财物中“所得”的实质解释——以《刑法修正案(十一)》为视角的分析

The Substantive Interpretation of"Income"in Income of Money Laundering Crime——From the Perspective of the AmendmentⅪto the Criminal Law

没收洗钱犯罪所得财物是不当利益平衡措施,意在合理剥夺洗钱犯罪行为人的违法所得财物,贯彻"任何人都不能从不法行为中获益"的法理要求。"洗钱犯罪"是指符合洗钱罪构成要件且没有违法阻却事由的不法行为;"财物"是指一切货币、物品与可以折算为货币的物质利益以及需要支付货币的其他利益等财产性利益。应坚持规范因果关系说,实质解释洗钱犯罪所得财物中的"所得",合理限定洗钱犯罪所得财物的没收范围。洗钱犯罪所得财物包括洗钱犯罪直接所得及其孳息与洗钱犯罪直接所得的替代(财)物及其孳息,不包括非替代(财)物及其孳息类的合法生产、经营所得。洗钱犯罪直接所得包括物质与非物质利益、动产与不动产利益、有形与无形利益;替代(财)物包括利用洗钱犯罪直接所得所购买的股票、彩票、不动产等财物;替代(财)物的孳息包括股息、租金、利息等财物。

The confiscation of money laundering criminal property is an improper interest balancing measure,which is intended to reasonably deprive money laundering criminals of their illegal property and implement the legal requirement that"no one can benefi t from illegal acts"."Money laundering crime"refers to an illegal act that meets the elements of a money laundering crime and has no illegal hindrance;"property"refers to all currency,articles,material interests that can be converted into currency,and other property interests that need to be paid for currency.The theory of standardizing causality should be adhered to,and the"income"in the money laundering criminal property should be explained in substance,thereby reasonably limiting the scope of confiscated money laundering criminal property.Money laundering crime proceeds include the direct proceeds of money laundering crimes and their fruits as well as the substitute(property)goods and their fruits of the direct proceeds of money laundering crimes,and do not include non-substitute(property)goods and their income from legal production and business operations.Among them,the direct income of money laundering crime includes material and intangible interests,movable and real property interests,tangible and intangible interests;substitute(property)includes stocks,lottery tickets,real estate and other properties purchased with direct proceeds of money laundering crime;the fruits of substitute(property)property include dividends,rents,interest and other properties.