数据权利:范式统合与规范分殊

Data Rights:Paradigm Integration and Diff erent Norms

数据权利是当今最引人瞩目的学术议题之一。回顾既有研究,以赋权模式为代表的"形式主义"范式和以行为规制为代表的"实质主义"范式彼此颉颃。两者各有所短,又殊途同归,亟待通过"反省法"范式予以统合,并籍此深入问题的实质暨数据权利结构之中。在权利球、权利束、权利块三种基本结构中,"数据权利块"贴合了数据权利"理一分殊"的特性,不但融通和改进了我国"权能分离"理论,而且凭借其"整体设计规则"和"个别设计规则",与数据安全、数据交易、数据法定利用、数据开放与共享等诸多制度相互勾连,共同构成了体系性、操作性和开放性兼备的数据权利制度体系。

Data rights is one of the most high-profi le academic issues today.Reviewing existing studies,the paradigm of"Formalism"represented by the empowerment model and the paradigm of"Substantialism"represented by the behavior regulation are comparable.Both have their shortcomings,but they have diff erent paths to the same goal.It is urgent to integrate them through the paradigm of"Reflective Law",so as to penetrate into the essence of the problem and the structure of data rights.Among the three basic structures of rights sphere,rights bundle,and rights block,the"Data rights block"fi ts the diversity and dynamics of data rights,which not only integrates and improves our country’s theory of"separation of powers and functions",but also relies on its"overall design rules"and"individual design rules"to interlink with many systems such as data security,data transaction,legal use of data,data openness and sharing,forming a data rights system which is systematic,operational and open.