民法典体系下合伙份额法律属性阐释

The Interpretation of Legal Nature of Partnership Shares Under the System of Civil Code

对于合伙份额的法律属性及其界定,无论学界与司法实务界,都存在较大争议。民法典框架下我国合伙法确立了契约型合伙与组织型合伙两种类型,形成了二元区分体系。从历史视角,罗马法传统中合伙债结构、日耳曼法传统中共同体结构深刻地影响了近代合伙体系与规则。受到日耳曼法传统的影响,合伙份额的法律属性,从财产说逐步演化为成员资格说。在我国二元合伙体系中,对于《民法典》以调整内部合伙为典型的契约型合伙,合伙份额具有财产属性,其取得、处分及限制规则应受财产法调整;对于《合伙企业法》以调整外部合伙为典型的组织型合伙,合伙份额为合伙成员与组织之间权利义务的具体范围,具有成员资格或社员资格属性,其取得、处分及限制规则应受组织法调整。

The legal nature and defi nitions of partnership shares existed great disputes in both academic theory and judicial practice.Under the framework of the Civil Code,a dual distinction system was established in our country’s partnership law including contractual partnership and organizational partnership.From a historical perspective,the partnership debt structure in the Roman Law tradition and the community structure in the Germanic Law tradition have profoundly aff ected the modern partnership system and rules.Infl uenced by the Germanic Law tradition,the legal nature of partnership shares had evolved from the theory of property to the theory of membership.In our country’s dual partnership system,about contractual partnership in Civil Code which typically regulates internal partnerships,its partnership share has property attributes,and the rules of its acquisition,disposal and restriction should be adjusted by property law.About organizational partnership in Law on Legal Enterprises which typically regulates external partnerships,its partnership share is the specifi c scope of the rights and obligations between the partners and the organization with the nature of membership attributes,and the rules of its acquisition,punishment and restriction shall be adjusted by the organic Law.