中国法律之儒家化命题成立吗——再读《中国法律与中国社会》

On Validation of Proposition of Confucianization of Chinese Law——Rereading Law and Society in Traditional China

从"中国法律之儒家化"命题内涵与意蕴,以及命题的逻辑分析,再到瞿同祖先生之社会理论与方法研习的脉络,从而对其《中国法律与中国社会》的思考与认识有了新的体会。从引礼入律到礼法结合,最后作为观念、价值影响行动,进而行动型塑法律,法律反之也成为行动的约束条件。儒家思想之正统地位在中国确立,其正统地位也必然会影响到法律。因此"中国法律之儒家化"命题是成立的,也是中华法系的典型特征与精神实质。若对此予以否定,同时又试图通过地方档案材料验证中国古人"好讼"而非"贱讼",那什么是中华法系的表征呢?实现中国传统思想文化资源的创造性转换是当代面临的艰巨课题,中国传统法律自是其中议题。在利益、价值多元化的现代社会,让人们的行为具有可预见性、可期待性、确定性,那么法律作为一种规则的命题对应对现代性的社会更为牢靠,法律毕竟是一种行为规则、类型模式。法律与道德分离的实证主义可以为我们所不取,但是德治、法治与善治关系如何处理,实践中如何操作却是没有完成的议题。

From the connotation and meaning of the proposition of"Confucianization of Chinese Law"and the logical analysis of propositions,to the context of the study of social theory and methods by Mr.TongZu Qu,the author has a further understanding of his views on Law and Society in Traditional China.From the introduction of li into the law to the combination of li and law,they ultimately infl uence actions as thoughts and values,and then actions shape laws.Laws on the contrary also become the constraints of actions.The orthodox status of Confucianism has been established in China and its orthodox status inevitably aff ected the law.Therefore,all of these justify the proposition of"Confucianization of Chinese law",which represents the typical characteristics and spiritual essence of the Chinese legal system.If one denies this and tries to use local archives to verify that Chinese ancients"preferred litigation"rather than"despised litigation",then what is the characterization of the Chinese legal system?The creative transformation of traditional Chinese thinking is an arduous subject in the contemporary era,where traditional Chinese law is one of the topics.In a modern society with diversifi ed interests and values,to make people’s behaviors predictable,measurable,and explicit,the law as a kind of rule proposition is more reliable in a modern society,and law must be a kind of behavior rules and type patterns.We may not adopt positivism that separates law and morality,but how to deal with the relationships among the rule of virtue,the rule of law and the good governance in practice is an unfi nished issue.