流动民工的男女平权与代际父权制再生产——基于大都市医院“双薪护工”劳动与微信沟通实践的分析

Equal Rights of Both Male and Female Migrant Workers and Reproduction of Intergenera-tional Patriarchy:Case Study of Working Practice and WeChat Communication of"Double Pay Nursing Workers"in Metropolitan Hospitals

从乡村到都市的农村夫妻迁徙,改变了小家庭的传统居住和沟通方式、收入分配以及权力结构,进而引起家庭情感、代际父权制的局部变化。在流动农民工家庭的新居模式下,妇女在家庭关系中的地位,不再完全取决于妇女的生育,而是取决于家庭规模小型化(核心化)以及夫妻共同进城务工而具有的双薪条件和养老资源的自我储备。农村男人的核心权力在迁移到都市之后面临挑战,乡村劳动力大规模向都市的流动,瓦解了农村建立在辈分、年龄、社会性别等轴心层面的原生家庭传统权力结构,男女平权的愿景出现在进城务工的双薪护工家庭。但是,这种平权是语境化的、功利性的、暂时性的权宜之计。局部的核心小家庭的内部平权,仍然没有弃绝维护更大范围内整个农村家族传统代际父权制的陈旧理念,甚至为其服务,成为其新型且隐性的存在。代际父权制并没有因为男女平权的愿景出现而消失,而是在新的家庭模式中重构,并以更隐匿的方式继续存在。微信将流移于城市中、实现内部平权的核心小家庭重新嵌合到农村的大家族之中,使得农村传统父系继承观念继续宰制小家庭。妇女们难以摆脱传统代际父权制烙印于家庭传承的陈旧父系继承以及财产继承观念,并通过身体力行再生产新型代际父权制,实际的家庭收益的分配模式又构筑了更大范围的代际父权制。

Couples migrating from countryside to a city may have a change,for the time being,in their traditional living style and communication means common to a nuclear family,income distribu tion,power structure,furthermore,in emotional relations between family members and inter-generational patriarchal power.In the new model of migrant worker families,the status of women does not entirely depend on their fertility,but on the reduction(nucleation)of family size and husband-wife both working in city as money earners so as to save enough for their own old age.Their authority as men in the countryside is challenged when migrating to cities.Large scale migration of rural labor to cities has disrupted the basic power structure of a family in rural institutions based on such elements as generation,age and gender.The vision of equal rights for men and women now comes true in dual earning working families,who work in the city.However,this kind of equal rights is a contextualized,materialistic and temporary plan of convenience.Some of the sexual equality problems inside a nuclear family are still existing due to the outdated concepts of maintaining traditional patriarchal authority between generations within the clan back at home village,and they even help refuel those old concepts so as to keep them go on existing in a more concealed way.A modern nuclear family which achieves internal equal rights is pulled back into a context of a traditional clan back at the village,due to the family communication via WeChat,so that traditional rural patrilineal culture simply goes on dominating the nuclear family in the city.It is difficult for women to get rid of the old concepts of patriarchal inheritance and property inheritance,which traditional generational patriarchy has got imprinted on family inheritance,and through the practice of reproduction,the new generational patriarchy,the actual family income distribution model has constructed intergenerational patriarchy of a wider range.