论朝鲜战争前美国从南朝鲜撤军的过程及影响

Withdrawal of American Troops from South Korea before Korean War:Decision Process and Influence

1949年6月,美国从南朝鲜撤军。但围绕撤军问题,美国政府内部展开了激烈的辩论,并出台了NSC8号系列文件作为撤军政策的指导性文件。出于自身战略利益,把撤军的不利影响降到最低,美国事先作了颇具心思的各项安排,有意把朝鲜问题提交联合国,积极推动联合国组建朝鲜问题临时委员会并观察南朝鲜选举建国,逐渐让联合国担负起南朝鲜安全的道义责任。在推动朝鲜问题国际化并分裂朝鲜的进程中,美国积极扶植南朝鲜成为其在朝鲜半岛战略利益的维护者。美国内部围绕撤军问题的争论,反映了国务院和军方对半岛战略地位认知的差异,更体现了美国撤军决策的谨慎。但美国立足宏观的对苏冷战战略,无视朝鲜半岛人民实现民族统一的强烈诉求,操纵联合国,单方面扶植李承晚傀儡政府,加速了朝鲜半岛的正式分裂。

In June 1949,the United States withdrew from South Korea.But a fierce debate was evoked within the U.S.government and it issued a series of NSC8 documents as a guiding document for the withdrawal policy.In order to minimize the negative impact of the withdrawal,the United States has made a number of thoughtful arrangements in advance:one-sidedly referred the issue of North Korea to the United Nations,actively promoted the formation of the United Nations Interim Committee on North Korea and observed the elections and the founding of South Korea,by which gradually making the United Nations morally responsible for South Korea's security.In the process of promoting the internationalization of the Korean issue and splitting Korea,the United States actively supported South Korea as the supporter and defender of its strategic interests in the Korean peninsula.The debate on the withdrawal reflects the difference between the State Council and the military's understandings of the strategic position of the peninsula,and also reflects the cautiousness of the U.S.withdrawal decision.However,based on the macroscopic Cold War strategy towards the Soviet Union,the United States ignored the strong appeal of the people of the Korean Peninsula to achieve national unity,manipulated the United Nations,unilaterally supported the late puppet government of Syngman Rhee,and then formulated the withdrawal policy,which not only accelerated the formal division of the Korean Peninsula,but also objectively stimulated the military conflict between the North and the South and even the outbreak of large-scale wars.