原子弹知识在中国的传播及其影响(1945-1949)

The Dissemination of Atomic Bomb Knowledge in 1945-1949 China and Its Influence

“二战”末期,美国于1945年8月对日本广岛和长崎投掷原子弹,造成的破坏和伤亡举世震惊。同时,也引起中国社会各界对原子弹这一划时代武器的极大关注。考察了1945-1949年《中央日报》《新华日报》和《申报》等主流报纸关于原子弹的报道,其内容主要涉及原子弹的威力、反应原理、研究和发明过程等。这些报纸的相关报道使原子弹知识在中国得到广泛传播,促进了国人对科学与国防的关系及科学重要性的认识,增强了政界和学界对研制原子弹、发展原子核物理的重视,也对中国发展核物理事业起到了启蒙的作用。

At the end of the war,the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945,causing devastation and casualties that shocked the world.And it aroused great attention from Chinese society for this epoch⁃making weapon.From 1945 to 1949,the mainstream newspapers of the Republic of China,such as the Central Daily,Xinhua Daily,and Shen Daily,reported the atomic bombing incident,and introduced the power,reaction principle,research and invention process of the atomic bomb in a large number of pages.These reports spread atomic bomb knowledge widely in China,promoted the people's understanding of the relationship between science and national defense as well as the importance of science,strengthened the political and academic circles'attention to the development of atomic bomb and nuclear physics,and played an enlightening role in the development of nuclear physics in China.