论刑法阶层解释体系的构建与证成——以刑法第275条的“毁坏”为标本

On the Construction of the Interpretation System of the Criminal Law Stratumregulation——Taking the“Destruction”of Article 275 of the Criminal Law as a Sample

故意毁坏财物罪在司法实践中认定存在较大争议,学界针对其发展了物质毁损说、效用侵害说和有形侵害说三种学说,但各学说均存在不足。囿于单一解释方法的局限,也难以通过文义、历史、体系、目的等单个解释方法去探寻其规范意旨。因此,应构建以限制解释范围和明晰解释内容为主体的阶层解释方法体系。将文义解释与历史解释作为限制解释范围的阶层,通过文义解释划定解释的基本范围,经由历史解释指明解释方向,修正或限缩文义解释的范围;将体系解释与目的解释作为明晰解释内容的阶层,在限制的范围内,体系解释通过外部概念体系的一致性与内部价值体系的协调性明确规范内容的意义,再通过目的解释修正体系解释所得的结论。

The crime of deliberately destroying property is controversial in judicial practice.Academia has developed three theories about material damage,utility infringement and tangible infringement,but all theories have shortcomings.Due to the limitations of a single interpretation method,it is difficult to explore its normative meaning through a single interpretation method such as textual meaning,system,and purpose.Therefore,it is necessary to construct a hierarchical interpretation system whose main body is to limit the scope of interpretation and clarify the content of interpretation.The literal interpretation and historical interpretation are regarded as the class that limits the scope of interpretation.The basic scope of interpretation can be delineated through literal interpretation,the direction of interpretation can be pointed out by historical interpretation,and the scope of literal interpretation can be amended or abbreviated.Regard the system explanation and the purpose explanation as the level of clear explanation of the content.Within the limits,the system interpretation clarifies the meaning of the normative content through the consistency of the external conceptual system and the coordination of the internal value system,and then the conclusions obtained from the system interpretation are revised through the purpose interpretation.