藏猪胴体性能测定及相关性分析

Determination and Correlation Analysis of Carcass Performance and Meat Quality Indexes of Tibetan Pigs

本试验旨在研究藏猪主要胴体指标间的相互关系,选取7头活重25kg左右的藏猪进行屠宰性能测定,计算胴体长、瘦肉率、肉骨比、眼肌面积、背膘厚、屠宰率、皮重率7个胴体指标,同时计算指标间的两两相关系数,建立正则方程组求解获得通径系数,并进行相关性分析及显著性检验。结果显示:藏猪的屠宰率为67.39%,胴体斜长为52.35 cm,背膘厚为1.90 cm,皮厚为0.38 cm,眼肌面积为12.22 cm^(2),腿臀率为28.19%,瘦肉率为45.58%;相关性分析表明,藏猪屠宰率与胴体长呈显著正相关(P<0.05),屠宰率与胴体长、皮厚呈显著正相关(P<0.05);相关性最强的两个胴体指标是背膘厚与眼肌面积,相关系数为0.990,两者呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);眼肌面积与瘦肉率呈极显著负相关,相关系数为-0.962(P<0.01);同时通过通径分析发现,腿臀率对瘦肉率的直接影响最大(0.904),背膘厚对瘦肉率的间接作用(0.516)最强。试验结果表明,藏猪胴体指标具有较大变异程度,表明藏猪的胴体指标具有很大的遗传潜力,可通过加强选育进而改善藏猪的胴体性能,且背膘厚、腿臀率是影响瘦肉率的主要因素。

In order to study the correlation between the main carcass indexes of Tibetan pigs,seven Tibetan pigs with live weight of about 25 kg were selected for slaughter measurement.Carcass indexes such as carcass length,lean meat rate,meat bone ratio,eye muscle area,back fat thickness,and slaughter rate were measured and calculated.Meanwhile,correlation coefficients of each index were calculated to analyze the correlation between each index.In addition,the path coefficients were obtained by using the pairwise correlation coefficients of each individual carcass index,and the correlation analysis and significance test were conducted.The results showed that the slaughter rate of Tibetan pigs was 67.39%;oblique carcass length was 52.35 cm;backfat thickness was 1.90 cm;skin thickness was 0.38 cm;eye muscle area was 12.22 cm^(2);leg-hip ratio was 28.19%,and lean meat ratio was 45.58%.Correlation analysis showed that slaughter rate of Tibetan pigs was significantly positively correlated with carcass length(P<0.05),while slaughter rate was significantly positively correlated with carcass length and skin thickness(P<0.05).The two carcass indexes with the strongest correlation were backfat thickness and eye muscle area,and the correlation coefficient was 0.990,showing a very significant positive correlation(P<0.01).There was a significant negative correlation between ocular muscle area and lean meat rate,with a correlation coefficient of-0.962(P<0.01).It was also found that backfat thickness and leg-hip ratio were the main factors affecting carcass performance of Tibetan pigs.Overall,the carcass indexes of Tibetan pigs had a great degree of variation,indicating that the carcass indexes of Tibetan pigs had great genetic potential and could improve the carcass performance by enhancing breeding,and the back fat thickness and the ratio of legs to buttocks were the main factors affecting the lean meat rate.