鄂伦春语祈使句的形式与功能类型

The Forms and Functional Types of Imperative Sentences in Oroqen Language

祈使句是表达“命令”言语行为的重要小句类型。鄂伦春语的祈使语义主要用祈使式范畴的形态句法手段来表示,根据需求动作完成丝时间距离差别分为即行祈使式和将行祈使式,而两种祈使式都有与人称和数范畴对应的形态标记系统。除祈使式范畴外,鄂伦春语的“命令”言语行为也可以用陈述式将来时、特定语调模式等非直接祈使策略表达,反映着言语行为与小句类型并非一一对应的关系。

Imperative sentence is an important type of clause that expresses"command"speech acts.The imperative sentences of Oroqen are mainly expressed by imperative morpho-syntactic means.According to the difference in the time and distance required to complete the action,they are divided into immediate imperative and future imperative,both of which have a morphological marking system corresponding to the person and number categories.In addition to the imperative category,the"command"speech act of Oroqen can also be expressed by indirect imperative strategies such as declarative future tense and specific intonation patterns,reflecting the non-one-to-one correspondence between speech acts and clause types.