文化资本介入下的乡村旅游地农户生计资本测度——婺源李坑村案例

Measurement of Rural Households’ Livelihood Assets with Cultural Capital Intervention:A Case Study of Likeng Village in Wuyuan

传统文化作为乡村旅游内在价值的表现形式,对提升社区农户生计水平与促进乡村目的地旅游可持续发展具有重要意义。文章创新性构建了纳入文化资本的乡村旅游地农户生计资本评价指标体系,以婺源县李坑村为例,采用参与式农村评估法对案例地农户进行问卷调查与半结构性访谈,从自然、物质、金融、人力、社会和文化资本6个维度对农户生计资本进行了量化评估。结果显示:增加文化资本类型的农户生计资本评估与测度,是对我国乡村旅游地农户生计资本结构的精准表征;乡村旅游地农户生计资本结构变化显著,社会资本和文化资本在农户生计结构中占主导地位;农户不同类型生计资本变化差异较大,自然资本存量更为匮乏,物质、文化和金融资本存量则显著增加。研究在一定程度上丰富了可持续生计理论,完善了农户生计资本测量指标,并为提升乡村旅游地农户整体生计水平提供了新的管理启示。

As the manifestation of the intrinsic value of rural tourism, traditional culture not only plays an important role in the sustainable development of rural tourism, but also imposes great impact on promoting the livelihood standards of rural households. The utilization of cultural resources in rural tourism is closely linked to the survival and development of community farmers. The effective use of tangible cultural carriers and intangible cultural elements in rural tourism promotes rural socio-economic development, and further transforms into an important livelihood capital of households. However, there is a lack of relevant research on the effective evaluation and measurement of the livelihood status of households in rural tourism destinations with the intervention of cultural capital. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately grasp the real livelihood structure of households in rural tourism destinations,which may not help to improve the livelihood status of households. To fill the research gap discussed above, this paper incorporated cultural capital into the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework(SLF), and developed a measurement scale of livelihood assets to accurately measure and characterize the livelihood status of households in rural tourism destinations. Participatory rural appraisal was used to conduct questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interviews with households in Likeng village, a typical mature rural tourist site in Wuyuan county, Jiangxi province. Quantitative evaluation on the households’ livelihood assets was measured from six aspects: natural, physical, financial, human,social and cultural capital. The results show that: First, the integration of cultural capital in the measurement scale of livelihood assets can reflect the livelihood structure of households in rural tourism destination more objectively and accurately. Second, the structure of rural households’ livelihood assets has changed significantly, social and cultural capital become the dominate livelihood assets for households in rural tourism destinations. Third, the changes of different types of livelihood assets are quite different, the natural capital become scarcer while the physical capital, cultural capital and financial capital increased remarkably in rural tourism development. In sum, the study enriches the theory of sustainable livelihoods, and improved the measurement scale of livelihood assets of households in rural tourism destinations. In addition, the managerial implications to improve the overall livelihood standards of households in rural tourism destinations are as follows: First, natural capital is an indispensable part of households’ livelihoods. It is necessary to turn rural natural resources into natural landscape attractions, and promote the accumulation of households’ natural capital. Second, social capital has the greatest impact on the accumulation of households’ overall livelihood assets in rural tourism destinations.There should be more local government support for households to participate in tourism operations, and mutual cooperation between households should also be strengthened to comprehensively improve their social capital. Third, cultural capital plays an essential role in improving the livelihood status of households in rural tourism destinations. Tourism managers need to guide households to integrate traditional culture into daily life and tourism operation, then fully release the commercial value of cultural resources, and promote the overall improvement of households’ livelihoods.