新手教师实践性知识生成机制研究——以“多对多”师徒结对为分析对象

A Study on the Practical Knowledge Generation Mechanism for Novice Teachers:Taking“Many-to-Many”Master And Apprentice Pairs As the Analysis Object

如何充分发挥师徒结对在新手教师实践性知识生成中的作用是本研究关注的焦点问题。本研究采取质化研究中的个案研究取向,对这一焦点问题进行了考察。个案显示,受惠于"多对多"师徒结对这一媒介,将新手教师所遭遇的问题变成研究的课题,通过师徒共同体一起探索,逐步解决问题,最终形成了追求契合学生心理特征的课堂管理的实践性知识。基于研究可知,实践性知识是在具体的教育教学情境中,通过不断建构、不断应用和不断改进而动态生成的。呈现出螺旋上升的样态;师徒结对是促进教师实践性知识生成的重要途径,"多对多"师徒结对作为师徒结对的创新形式,不但给新手教师提供了更多交流与沟通的机会,尤其是非正式的交流与沟通机会,还天然具备了相互学习、互相借鉴的机制,在很多方面更有助于新手教师实践性知识生成。需要注意的是,在"多对多"师徒结对的具体落实过程中,尤为需要统筹"多对多"师徒结对中师傅之间的指导节奏,并关照"多对多"师徒结对中不同新手教师特定的发展需求。

For the focus of this study,how to play the role of mentoring and apprenticeship in novice teachers’practical knowledge generation is very important.In this study,by adopting the case study approach of qualitative research,this paper examines the above-mentioned focus.Through the analysis of individual cases,coupled with the"many to many"type of mentoring and apprenticeship as the medium,this study takes the problems encountered by novice teachers as the research topic,and gradually solves the problems faced by novice teachers through joint exploration,finally forming the practical knowledge of classroom management that conforms to the psychological characteristics of students.Based on the research,the author finds that the generation of practical knowledge is constantly constructed,applied and improved in specific practical situations.Thus,the generation of practical knowledge is always in the process of completion.As an important medium for novice teachers to generate practical knowledge,in the context and process of solving specific problems,mentoring and apprenticeship can help novice teachers find and frame problems accurately,and can provide targeted guidance for novice teachers to gradually generate practical knowledge.The process of problem-solving is also the process of practical knowledge generation."Many to many"type of mentoring and apprenticeship is one of the important innovative forms.This way not only provides more opportunities for novice teachers to communicate with each other(especially in informal communication and communication),but also naturally establishes a mechanism of mutual learning and learning from each other,which is more helpful for novice teachers to generate practical knowledge in many aspects.