创客空间资源如何与学校课程相整合——基于美国三所高校课程整合实践的比较研究

How Does the Resource of Maker Space Integrated with School Curriculum:The Comparative Study among Three US Universities

为强调学校传统课程可能忽视的技能,美国部分高校已经开始尝试将创客空间及其附带资源与学校学术课程进行整合并将其共同融入创客教育的实践。为进一步厘清学生如何受益于这种"创+学"整合的课程形态及学习机制,本文对耶鲁大学、加州大学伯克利分校、富兰克林欧林工程学院三所高校的"创+学"实践进行了详细介绍和分析,结果发现,尽管三所高校的课程整合方式不尽相同,但整合后的课程类型基本可以归纳为:入门课程、基础课程、核心课程、高级课程及拓展课程这样五个逐步递进的课程形态。而由于每类课程所需要的关键要素和追求的核心素养存在差异,其形成的学习机制也有所不同。分层分类的课程形态和灵活的学习机制不仅高效利用了创客空间及其资源,增强了学校传统学术课程的活力,而且它在学生跨学科知识习得的基础上对其自主学习意识、高阶思维能力和知识迁移能力的培养具有不可估量的意义。本研究对我国高校利用创客空间资源进行课程整合并创新学习机制具有一定启示和借鉴意义。

In order to emphasize the skills that may be ignored in traditional curriculum,some universities in the United States have begun to integrate makerspace and its attached resources with academic curriculum and integrate them into the practice of maker education. In order to further clarify how students benefit from this integrated curriculum form and learning mechanism,this paper introduces and analyzes the curriculum integration practice of Yale University,University of California,Berkeley and Franklin Olin Institute of Engineering in detail.According to the analysis results,although the three universities have different ways of curriculum integration,the curriculum types after integration can be basically summarized into five progressive curriculum forms:introductory curriculum,basic curriculum,core curriculum,advanced curriculum and expansion curriculum.However,because of the differences in the key elements and the core qualities that each kind of curriculum needs,the learning mechanism formed is also different. The hierarchical and classified curriculum form and flexible learning mechanism not only make efficient use of makerspace and its resources,but also enhance the vitality of traditional academic curriculum. Moreover,it is of immeasurable significance to the cultivation of students’ independent learning consciousness,high-level thinking ability and knowledge transfer ability on the basis of their interdisciplinary knowledge acquisition.It is hoped that this study will have some enlightenment and reference significance for universities in China to use makerspace resources for curriculum integration and innovative learning mechanism.