金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素与多位点序列分型分子分型研究进展

Research progress of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin and multilocus sequence typing molecular typing

金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素是金黄色葡萄球菌引起食物中毒的重要毒力因子,目前已发现27种金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素/类肠毒素,不同来源的金黄色葡萄球菌携带的肠毒素/类肠毒素存在差异,且有研究发现肠毒素/类肠毒素与猩红热、全身感染等临床疾病关系密切。致病能力较强的金黄色葡萄球菌已在全球各地形成具有独特优势的区域克隆型,多位点序列分型(multilocus sequence typing,MLST)作为一门新兴的监测细菌遗传进化趋势的分子分型技术,是目前描述金黄色葡萄球菌全球流行情况的主要分子分型方式。遗传基因与毒力基因的联合检测是监测菌株流行传播趋势、评估致病能力的重要实验室方法。肠毒素/类肠毒对部分ST分型的致病能力起决定性作用,遗传基因与毒力基因作为参与菌体不同表达调控的重要因子,二者影响菌株致病能力的相关报道提示金黄色葡萄球菌可能存在未被关注的新致病机制。本文围绕不同来源金黄色葡萄球菌的肠毒素/类肠毒素携带情况、分子分型特征及二者对金黄色葡萄球菌致病能力的关联研究进行综述。

Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin is an important virulence factor of staphylococcal food poisoning. At present, 27 kinds of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins/enterotoxin-likes have been found. There are differences in enterotoxins/enterotoxin-likes carried by different sources of Staphylococcus aureus. Recent studies have found that enterotoxins/enterotoxin-likes are closely related to scarlet fever, systemic infection and other clinical diseases. Staphylococcus aureus with strong pathogenic ability has formed unique regional clonotypes all over the world. As an emerging molecular typing technology to monitor the genetic evolution trend of bacteria, multilocus sequence typing(MLST) is currently the main molecular typing method to describe the global epidemic of Staphylococcus aureus. The combined detection of genetic information and virulence factor is an important laboratory method for monitoring the spreading trend of strains and assessing pathogenicity. Enterotoxins/enterotoxin-likes play a decisive role in the pathogenicity of some ST typing. Genetic information and virulence factor are important factors involved in the regulation of different expressions of bacteria. The related reports that the two affect the pathogenicity of the strains suggest that Staphylococcus aureus may have a new pathogenic mechanism that has not been paid attention to. This article focused on the carrying status of enterotoxins/enterotoxin-likes of Staphylococcus aureus from different sources, molecular typing characteristics, and the relationship between the two on the pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus.