我国蛋鸡养殖中药物残留分析研究及监管建议

Analysis and supervision suggestion on drug residue in laying hens cultivation

目的对我国蛋鸡养殖中的药物残留情况进行分析研究并提出监管建议。方法采用摸底调查、监督抽检和舆情收集的方式,了解国内蛋鸡养殖过程中的用药情况。通过梳理本中心5年来鸡蛋和鸡肉的检测数据,从检出项目、样品及来源分析不合格情况;通过收集舆情,汇总国内各省近年来鸡蛋和鸡肉抽检不合格的情况。结果发现抗生素的使用确实广泛存在于我国蛋鸡养殖过程中,并经由鸡蛋和鸡肉进入到消费者市场;监督抽检的鸡蛋和鸡肉不合格的项目主要集中在氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星、磺胺类、甲硝唑等兽药中,检出残留水平从小于1μg/kg到上千μg/kg不等,这4种药物均为广谱性的抗生素。结论结合我国国情、借鉴发达国家的做法,提出5项监管建议,为监管部门能及早、有效、最大限度地降低兽药经蛋鸡养殖途径产生的食品安全风险提供参考。

Objective To analyze and research the drug residues in laying hens cultivation in our country, and put forward regulatory recommendations. Methods Thorough investigation, supervision sampling and public opinion collection were used to understand the drug use in the process of domestic layer breeding. By combing the testing data of eggs and chicken in the past 5 years, the unqualified situation was analyzed from the detected items, samples and sources. Through the collection of public opinion, the situation of unqualified eggs and chicken in recent years was summarized. Results It was found that the antibiotics was widely used in the process of laying hens cultivation in China, and got to the consumer market through eggs and chicken. The unqualified items of eggs and chicken under supervision and sampling mainly concentrated in the veterinary drugs such as flufenicol, enrofloxacin, sulfonamides and metronidazole, and the residual levels were from less than 1 μg/kg to thousands μg/kg. The 4 kinds of drugs were broad-spectrum antibiotics. Conclusion Based on our country’s national conditions and learning from the practices of developed countries, 5 regulatory recommendations are put forward to provide a reference for the supervision department to reduce the food safety risks caused by veterinary drugs through layer breeding in an early, effective and maximum way.