平衡标准与差异:走向公正的评估——基于上海特色普通高中评估实践的研究

Balance Standards and Differences: Towards a Fair Assessment:Research on the Evaluation Practice of Shanghai Characteristics Ordinary High Schools

评估标准是评估的重要组成部分,是对评估目标的具体阐述,对整个评估活动起着方向引领的作用。评估标准是专家评估的"尺子",评估标准是对程序公正的维护,不同的评估者只有参照同一评估标准进行评估,评估结果才具有公信力。但评估对象之间存在个体差异,特色普通高中评估也因此面临公正困境,需要在标准和差异之间保持必要的张力,做到以评估标准为准绳,同等对象同等对待,遵循平等原则;评估标准强调共性与个性相结合,关注增值,遵循差别原则;设置多个评估环节,给予过程性支持,遵循补偿原则。

Evaluation standard is an important part of evaluation, which is a concrete exposition of evaluation objectives and plays a leading role in the whole evaluation activity. Evaluation standard is the "ruler" for experts, and it is the maintenance of procedural justice. Only when different evaluators refer to the same evaluation standard can the evaluation results have credibility.However, there are individual differences among the evaluation objects, and the evaluation of characteristic ordinary high schools is facing the dilemma of justice, so it is necessary to maintain the necessary tension between standards and differences and take the evaluation standard as the criterion, while treating the same objects equally and following the principle of equality. The construction of evaluation standard should emphasize the combination of commonality and individuality. Whenever employing evaluation standard, an evaluator should pay attention to the value-added and follows the principle of difference. It is important to set up multiple evaluation links, give process support and follow the principle of compensation.