《民法典》第195条评注之一(诉讼外请求、义务承认)

Comments on Article 195 of the Civil Code(Outside Litigation Request;Obligation Recognition)

《民法典》第195条是诉讼时效中断规则的基础规范。诉讼时效的制度价值决定了时效中断规则的解释和构建。权利行使型中断事由的正当性依权利行使说可得到解释,义务承认型中断事由的依据是对权利人"信赖"的保护。诉讼外请求是权利人直接向义务人要求实现权利内容的意思通知,权利人请求"确认权利"亦构成诉讼外请求。义务人承认义务有效存在的,即推定其具有同意履行的意思,除非其表达了相反意思。

Article 195 of the Civil Code is the basic norm of the interruption rule of limitation of action.The system value of the limitation of action determines the interpretation and construction of the interruption rule of limitation.The legitimacy of the right-exercise-type interruption cause can be explained according to the right-exercise theory,and the basis of obligation recognition interruption cause is to protect the obligee’s"trust".The outside litigation request is the notice of intention that the obligee directly requests the obligor to realize the content of the right,and the obligee’s request for"confirmation of rights"also constitutes an outside litigation request.If the obligor recognizes that the obligation exists effectively,it is presumed that it has the intention to agree to perform,unless it expresses the contrary intention.