枯草芽孢杆菌菌剂对人参黑斑病的生物防治效果

Biological Effect of Bacillus subtilis WP on Controlling Alternaria Leaf Blight

为明确枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂(WP)对人参黑斑病的防治效果及对人参生长的安全性,采用生长速率法测定枯草芽孢杆菌对人参黑斑病菌的室内抑菌效果,采用田间小区试验评价枯草芽孢杆菌对人参黑斑病的防治效果及其对人参的安全性。室内抑菌试验结果表明:枯草芽孢杆菌对人参黑斑病菌的菌丝生长具有较好的抑制作用,EC_(50)和EC_(90)分别为0.690 mg/L和103.402 mg/L。两年三地田间试验结果表明:1000亿CFU/g枯草芽孢杆菌WP在3种施用剂量下对人参黑斑病均有较好的防治效果,平均防效在69.02%~80.95%,其中使用剂量为80 g/667 m^(2)时防效最好,与对照药剂250 g/L嘧菌酯SC防效差异不显著(P>0.05)。该药剂对人参生长无不良影响。1000亿CFU/g枯草芽孢杆菌WP对人参安全,可用于人参黑斑病的防治,建议在人参发病前或发病初期茎叶喷雾,推荐剂量为60~80 g/667 m^(2)。

In order to evaluate the effect of Bacillus subtilis 1.0×10^(11) CFU/g WP against Alternaria panax and its safety to Panax ginseng,the method of growth rate was used to determine the indoor virulence of B.subtilis against A.panax and field plot test was conducted to evaluate field effect of the biofungicides B.subtilis on controlling Alternaria leaf blight and its safety to ginseng growth.B.subtilis could inhibit the mycelial growth of A.panax,and the values of EC_(50) and EC_(90) were 0.690 mg/L and 103.402 mg/L,respectively.Field test results in three sites and two years showed that B.subtilis 1.0×10^(11) CFU/g WP had good control effects of 69.02%to 80.95%on Alternaria leaf blight at doses of three application.Among them,the control effect is the best at the dosage of 80 g/667 m^(2),and there is no obvious adverse effect on the growth of ginseng.The B.subtilis 1.0×10^(11) CFU/g WP is safe for ginseng growth and can be used for the control of Alternaria leaf blight of ginseng,which by spraying leaf and stem at dosage of 60-80 g/667 m^(2) pre-disease or in the early time of the disease.