生态学视角下民族地区基础教育发展的问题与对策研究——以广西12个民族自治县为例

The Problems and Countermeasures of the Development of Basic Education in Ethnic Regions from the Perspective of Ecology——Taking 12 Ethnic Autonomous Counties in Guangxi as Examples

民族地区基础教育是国家实现教育高质量发展的重要组成部分。从生态学视角而言,民族地区基础教育是由教育生态主体、教育生态环境和教育生态关系构成的独特生态系统。通过对广西12个民族自治县的全面调查,发现当前民族地区基础教育生态存在教育生态主体单向流动、教育生态环境两极化、教育生态链联结脆弱等生态失衡现象。究其根源在于民族地区基础教育内部生态的特殊性偏斜和外部环境的复杂性紊乱,导致民族地区基础教育内外发展动力不均而失去平衡。研究认为可积极推动乡村人才振兴,复位主体生态位,以增强民族地区基础教育生态系统良性循环的持续动力;走向生态正义实践,优化生态环境,以拓宽民族地区基础教育生态系统良性循环的生存空间;继续稳固生态链条,创建多层级生态关系,以完善民族地区基础教育生态系统良性循环的结构体系。

Basic education in ethnic areas is an important part of the country’s high-quality development of education. From the perspective of ecology,basic education in ethnic areas is a unique ecosystem composed of educational ecological subject,environment and relationship. Through a comprehensive survey of 12 ethnic autonomous counties in Guangxi,it is found that there are some ecological imbalances in the current basic education ecology in ethnic areas,such as one-way flow of educational ecological subjects,polarization of educational ecological environment,and weak connection of educational ecological chain. The reason lies in the special deviation of the internal ecology and the complexity disorder of the external environment education in ethnic areas,which leads to the uneven development of basic education in ethnic areas. The results show that it can actively promote the revitalization of rural professionals,restore the principal niche,and enhance the sustainable power of the virtuous cycle of the basic education ecosystem in ethnic areas;in order to broaden the living space of the virtuous cycle of the basic education ecosystem in ethnic areas,we should practice ecological justice and optimize the ecological environment;we should continue to stabilize the ecological chain and create multi-level ecological relations,so as to improve the structural system of the virtuous cycle of the basic education ecosystem in ethnic areas.