“移民—扩散型”语言传播及其特征——以东南亚汉语传播为例

“Immigration-Diffusion” Language Communication and Its Characteristics——Taking the spread of Chinese in Southeast Asia as an Example

东南亚汉语传播是全球汉语传播的重要组成部分,具有明显的区域性特征。从类型学的角度出发,语言国际传播分为"语源—输出型"和"移民—扩散型"。"语源—输出型"指语言从语源国直接传播到目的国。"移民—扩散型"指移民作为语言的载体,通过跨国迁移把语言资源携带到国外,再在移入国实现语言传承和传播,一般会经历"落地期""保持期"和"扩散期"三个阶段。东南亚汉语传播受华人移民影响显著,属于较典型的"移民—扩散型"传播。本研究详细考察了东南亚汉语传播的三个阶段,认为自20世纪末期以来已进入第三阶段,日益呈现出由族内传播转向跨文化传播的趋势。华人能否更好地继续发挥域外"传播源"角色,有赖于新形势下华人、华人住在国、中国三方的良性互动。为顺应跨文化传播,在教学层面也需要切实加强"华裔+非华裔"混合型课堂教学研究。

The spread of Chinese language in Southeast Asia is a vital component of the overall spread of Chinese language internationally,which enjoys prominent regional characteristics. This thesis classifies the international language spread into two types from the perspective of typology. The first type is "etymologyoutput"spread,which is the language spread directly from the etymological country to other countries. The second type is "migration-diffusion"spread,in which immigrants as the carrier of language,spread language resources abroad through transnational migration,and then fulfill language transmission and dissemination in the country of immigration. It usually goes through three stages: landing period,maintaining period and diffusion period. The spread of Chinese in Southeast Asia is influenced significantly by Chinese immigrants,which is the typical "immigration-diffusion"communication. This paper examines the three stages of Chinese communication in Southeast Asia,believing that the third stage started since the late 20th century,and has increasingly presented a trend from inter-ethnic transmission to cross-cultural communication. Whether the ethnic Chinese can better continue to play the role in spreading the language as a source of communication outside China depends on the positive interaction between ethnic Chinese,the residential country and China under the new situation. In order to adapt to cross-cultural communication,it is necessary to strengthen the mixed classroom teaching research of "Chinese and non-Chinese"students.