排外抑或招徕:秦国惠昭之世的移民政策转向新探

Xenophobia or Introduction:A New Probe into the Shift of Immigration Policy in the Era of King Hui and King Zhao of Qin

秦国惠文王、昭襄王时期相继出现了“出其人”与“徕民”两种性质截然相反的移民政策或移民思想。但诸侯国中,何以仅有秦魏两国互“出其人”?这其中有哪些特殊的缘由以及秦国随后是否改弦更张,决意实施《商君书·徕民》篇中带有转向性的移民计划,至今都是学界热衷探讨的问题。事实上,秦魏两国推行的互“出其人”政策限定在大河两岸。它是双方积极推动的地理空间构筑战略,与秦晋以河为界的百年争局紧密相关。而《徕民》篇的背后,着重探讨的则是秦国“内守”爵复体制与国家认同构建之间的深刻矛盾。其中所见的移民政策能否被秦王廷全盘实践,与惠昭时代迅速兴壮的庶籍军功集团有密切的关系。这背后还有深刻的历史问题需要进一步探讨。

"Expelling aborigines"and"introducing manpower"are two opposing immigration policies or ideas adopted in the era of King Hui and King Zhao of Qin.Why did this kind of anti foreign policy only emerge in the kingdoms of Qin and Wei?What were the special reasons for this and did Qin change the immigration policy and implement the introduction plan?These are still unsolved issues in the academic circle.As a matter of fact,the policy of"expelling aborigines"was limited to both sides of the Yellow River,which was a geographical defense strategy actively constructed by the two countries of Qin and Wei,and it was closely related to the historical disputes between Qin and Jin with the Yellow River as their national boundary.The article"Lai Min"aims to explore the profound contradiction between the system of granting titles of nobility in the kingdom of Qin and the construction of national identity.Whether the immigration policy was completely implemented by the Qin court was closely related to the rapid growth of the civilian military power group in the era of King Hui and King Zhao of Qin.Behind this,there are still profound,historical issues that need to be further discussed.