英美主流媒体报道中的“中国制造”

Analysis of Mainstream Media Frame of UK and US on “Made-in-China” Products

框架是组织意义生产的潜在规则,它以话语符号为载体,在媒体文本中体现;框架分析是通过探究话语符号中的蛛丝马迹来揭示文本背后的规则;隐形规则的特征集中体现在意义生产者对相同事实而采用的不同架构方式及其产生的差异性效果。采用文本分析方法比较主流外媒中美国的《纽约时报》《华盛顿邮报》与英国的《泰晤士报》对"中国制造"召回的报道框架,能够有效分析媒体话语背后的框架并凸显其特征。美国媒体多将产品质量问题视为中国政经体系的整体性问题,而英国媒体更多从企业是否恪守道德或中国遵守国际产品标准角度将该问题作为个别事件而加以报道。不同架构方式反映出了英美两国媒体在价值观和文化上的差异。

Media frames are latent rules that organize discourse and meaning production. These rules are embodied by various discursive devices in media texts,and their characteristics become more evident when comparing distinct coverage of an issue. To validly analyze the discursive packages organized by a frame and to accentuate the features of frames via comparison,this study conducts a frame analysis to examine how mainstream US and UK newspapers cover recalls of"made-in-China"products. Findings show US media frame the issue the matically as flaws of China’s political system,while UK newspapers frame it episodically as individual violations of international rules or moral standards. The implications of these findings for China’s international public relations are discussed.