论国家对危害人类罪确立管辖权的义务——兼评《防止及惩治危害人类罪条款草案》第6、7条

Obligation for States to Establish National Jurisdiction over Crimes Against Humanity——Remarks on Draft Articles 6 and 7 by International Law Commission

危害人类罪是核心国际罪行之一,《罗马规约》开放签署之后,越来越多的国家将其纳入到国家立法,并确立管辖权。2014年,国际法委员会开始着手起草的《防止及惩治危害人类罪条款草案》第6、7条均明确要求缔约国对危害人类罪确立管辖权。然而,在现有条约框架和习惯国际法之下,缔约国是否具有对危害人类罪确立管辖权的义务仍需要进一步探寻。本文从目前现有的国际法规则着手,试图寻找缔约国对危害人类罪确立管辖权的义务渊源;并且指出《条款草案》仍需要根据当前的国家实践进行调整和完善。

The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court has led to a number of States criminalizing crimes against humanity under national law and establishing jurisdiction over this international crime.Until now,there is no such convention dedicated to obligating States to prevent and punish on crimes against humanity.However,in 2014,the International Law Commission embarked on a long-term program to develop an international treaty on crimes against humanity.According to proposed Draft Articles 6 and 7,States have the obligation to establish jurisdiction over crimes against humanity.But under the current treaty framework and customary international law,whether States encompass the legal obligation to establish jurisdiction over crimes against humanity is controversial.This article starts from the current international legal framework,trying to find out the sources of the legal obligation for the States to establish jurisdiction over crimes against humanity.Further,the Draft Articles still need to be adjusted and improved according to current state practice.