2000—2015年西南区县域土地利用变化特征及驱动力分析——以重庆市奉节县为例

Characteristics and Driving Force of Land Use Change in Southwest China from 2000 to 2015:A Case Study of Fengjie County in Chongqing

综合分析重庆市奉节县土地利用格局时空演变及其驱动力,为优化西南区县域尺度的土地利用规划、生态大保护和区域可持续发展提供理论参考和数据支持。基于RS和GIS技术,利用四期(2000、2005、2010和2015年)土地利用基础数据,从土地利用动态模型和地学信息图谱等方面出发,揭示区域2000—2015年的土地利用动态变化特征及时空演变规律。依据主成分分析模型和线性回归分析模型,并基于奉节县社会经济统计数据,探究研究区土地利用驱动机制。研究期内,研究区土地空间格局呈现以林地和耕地为主体,同时交错分布其它土地类型的特点。耕地、草地和未利用地土地面积分别减少78.84 km^(2)、3.73 km^(2)、2.54 km^(2),而林地、水域和居民工矿用地面积分别增加23.36 km^(2)、46.67 km^(2)、9.03 km^(2)。受三峡移民影响,区域土地利用分布格局由整体无序向局部有序的方向发展。研究期的前10年间,土地利用类型转移主要发生在林地、草地和耕地之间,林地→耕地和草地的面积总和分别为849.38 km^(2)和425.17 km^(2);2010—2015年间林地和居民工矿用地新增面积分别为9.93 km^(2)和7.09 km^(2)。从产业结构调整、政策影响和社会发展等方面探究区域城镇化的驱动机制,城镇化因素、政策因素、经济因素、社会发展因素和农业因素是影响奉节县土地利用类型变化的主要驱动力。

This thesis studied the space-time evolution of land use pattern and its driving force of Fengjie County,Chongqing City,aiming to provide a theoretical basis and technical references on land use optimization,ecological protection and sustainable development at county scale southwest China.Based on RS and GIS technology and the 4 phases of basic data(2000,2005,2010 and 2015),this thesis revealed the dynamic changing feature and regular pattern of spatial-temporal evolution of local land use from 2000 to 2015 from aspects like land use dynamic model and geographic information map.By means of principal component analysis and linear regression analysis model,and taking the socioeconomic statistics of Fengjie County as the basic factor,the driving mechanism of land use was explored.The results showed that in the study years,the studied area presented a land use spatial pattern with forestland and cultivated land as the main types and other lands interspersing.According to the analyzed data,the cultivated land,grassland and unused land respectively had a reduction of 78.84,3.734 and 2.54 km^(2),while the forestland,water area and residential and industrial and mining area increased by 23.364,46.67 and 9.034 km^(2) respectively.Affected by the migrants from the Three Gorges area,the distribution of regional land use developed from overall disorder to locally in order.From 2000 to 2010,the land use type transfer was mainly found among the forest land,grassland and cultivated land.The total transfer area from forest land to cultivated land and grassland were 849.38 and 425.17 km^(2),respectively.From 2010 to2015,the forest land and the residential and industrial and mining area increased by 9.93 and 7.09 km^(2),respectively.The thesis found that it was effective to explore the driving mechanism of regional urbanization from the perspectives of industrial structure adjustment,policy influence and social development,and concluded that the land use pattern change in Fengjie County were mainly driven by urbanization factors,policy factors,economic factors,social development factors and agricultural factors.