论《资本论》及其手稿中的“资本主义生产方式”概念

On the Concept of “Capitalist Mode of Production” In Das Kapital and Its Manuscripts

资本主义生产方式是《资本论》的重要研究对象。从《资本论》的创作历程来看,"资本主义生产方式"概念随着马克思政治经济学研究的不断推进而逐步形成和确立。在《政治经济学批判(1857—1858年手稿)》中,马克思主要使用"资产阶级的生产方式"这种表述,着重探讨了资本主义生产的核心即资本和雇佣劳动的关系;在《政治经济学批判(1861—1863年手稿)》中,马克思正式使用"资本主义生产方式"这一术语,进一步阐述了资本主义生产方式形成的生产力基础;在《资本论(1863—1865年手稿)》中,马克思用"特殊的资本主义生产方式",详尽地分析了资本主义生产方式中生产关系的变革与物质生产力的发展之间的辩证关系。在《资本论》中,马克思阐明了资本主义生产方式的基本特征,构建了政治经济学批判理论体系。梳理马克思资本主义生产方式概念的形成,有助于理清这一概念的多重内涵及其内在联系,深化对马克思主义政治经济学方法论的理解,从而更好地指导中国特色社会主义政治经济学的发展。

The capitalist mode of production is an important research object of Das Kapital.From the creation and formation history of Das Kapital, the concept of "capitalist mode of production" is gradually formed and established with the continuous advancement of Marx’s political economy research. In Economic Manuscripts 1857-1858, Marx mainly used "bourgeois mode of production" and focused on the relationship between capital and wage labor, the core of capitalist production;In Economic Manuscripts 1861-1863, Marx clearly used the "capitalist mode of production" and further elaborated the productive basis of the formation of the capitalist mode of production;In Das Kapital(1863-1865 manuscript), Marx often used the "special capitalist mode of production" to analyze the dialectical relationship between the change of production relations and the development of material productivity in the capitalist mode of production. In Das Kapital, Marx expounded the basic characteristics of capitalist mode of production and constructed his critical theoretical system of political economy. Combing the history of the formation of the concept of Marx’s capitalist mode of production will help clarify the multiple connotations of this concept and its internal connections, deepen the understanding of Marx’s political economy methodology, and better guide the construction of socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics.