青崖寨保护区村级景观格局动态分析——基于无人机三维电子沙盘的参与式访谈

Dynamic Analysis of Landscape Pattern at Village Level in Qingyazhai Reserve:Participatory Interview Based on the 3D e-Sandbox

为客观揭示青崖寨自然保护区村级景观格局动态变化特征,为保护区村域科学管护提供参考案例,本文以保护区实验区内的大会庄村为例,在Agisoft PhotoScan Professional和Fragstats软件支持下,基于三维电子沙盘,通过参与式访谈的方法,研究村民视角下记忆中的1995、2006、2016年大会庄村历史景观格局变化。结果表明:(1)通过对大会庄村3个时期景观类型面积的计算,在1995—2016年期间林地、建筑用地、水域景观类型分别增加8.00、1.79、1.95 hm^(2);耕地、草地、未利用地景观类型分别减少9.81、0.37、1.56 hm^(2)。(2)在景观水平上,大会庄村景观连接度下降,但整体内部结构连接紧密,破碎化程度逐渐降低,单一性降低,景观多样性得到恢复。(3)驱动因素中自然因素并不是影响研究区景观格局变化的唯一条件,社会经济水平和政策均发挥着重要作用。该研究证明基于三维电子沙盘的参与式访谈对村域历史景观格局的复原有指导作用,可有效解决与村民直接沟通中存在的障碍。

To reveal the dynamic change characteristics of the village landscape pattern in Qingyazhai Nature Reserve and provide reference cases for the scientific management of the reserve’s village area,this paper took Dahuizhuang village in the reserve’s experimental area as an example,studied its historical landscape pattern in 1995,2006 and 2016 by using participatory interviews and Agisoft PhotoScan Professional and Fragstats software based on a 3D e-Sandbox.The results showed that:(1)through the calculation of landscape type area in the three periods of Dahuizhuang village,the forest land,building land and water area increased by 8.00,1.79 and 1.95 hm^(2),respectively,from 1995 to 2006,the cultivated land,grassland and unused land decreased by 9.81,0.37 and 1.56 hm^(2),respectively;(2)at the landscape level,the landscape connectivity of Dahuizhuang village decreased,but the overall internal structure was closely connected,the degree of fragmentation gradually decreased,the oneness decreased,and the landscape diversity was restored;(3)among the driving factors,the natural factors were not the only condition that affected the change of landscape pattern in the research area,the socio-economic level and policy also played important roles.This study demonstrates that participatory interviews based on a 3D e-Sandbox could guide the restoration of the historical landscape pattern in village area and effectively remove the barriers in direct communication with the villagers.