菌渣还田对设施瓜菜产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响

Effect of Mushroom Residue on Cucumber and Melon Yield and Quality and Soil Fertility in Greenhouse

以设施黄瓜和甜瓜为对象,草菇菌渣为试验材料,在山东莘县进行田间试验,以常规鸡粪还田为对照(CON),设置6个菌渣[0 (MR0)、15 (MR1)、30 (MR2)、45 (MR3)、60 (MR4)、75 (MR5) t/hm^(2)]还田量处理,研究菌渣还田对设施瓜菜产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,菌渣还田处理相比对照处理可以增加设施黄瓜和甜瓜产量幅度分别为28.1%45.3%和0.5%10.4%,黄瓜产量与甜瓜产量都是呈现出随着菌渣施用量的增加先增加后降低的趋势,MR4的增产效果最好;菌渣还田处理相比对照处理显著提高了黄瓜和甜瓜品质,其中MR3和MR4的效果较好;菌渣还田处理相比对照处理显著降低了土壤pH和EC值,降幅分别为2.1%2.4%和29.8%48.1%,土壤有机质增至11.2%33.1%,提高土壤氮磷钾含量及活化系数。综上,菌渣还田可以提高设施黄瓜和甜瓜产量、改善设施黄瓜和甜瓜品质,降低土壤pH和EC值,提升土壤肥力和提高土壤质量,因此菌渣还田是提高设施瓜菜产量、品质及土壤肥力的有效措施,其中菌渣还田量为60 t/hm^(2)的效果最好。

A field experiment with 7 treatments was conducted, including one application of chicken manure(CON) and six application rates of mushroom residue [0(MR0), 15(MR1), 30(MR2), 45(MR3), 60(MR4) and 75(MR5) t/hm^(2)], to examine the effects mushroom residue on cucumber and melon yield and quality and soil fertility in greenhouse at Shenxian County of Shandong Province. The results showed that application of mushroom residue treatments increased cucumber and melon yield by 28.1%-45.3% and0.5%-10.4%, respectively, compared with CON, and the effect of MR4 was the best. The yield of cucumber and melon showed a trend of first increase and then decrease with the increase of the application rate of mushroom residue. Compared with CON, application of mushroom residue treatments increased cucumber and melon quality, and the effects of MR3 and MR4 were the best. The application of mushroom residue decreased soil pH by 2.1%-2.4% and soil EC value by 29.8%-48.1%, increased organic matter by11.2%-33.1%, it also increased the soil N, P, K content and activation coefficient. In conclusion, the appropriate application of mushroom residue is the optimum choice to improve cucumber and melon yield and quality, elevate soil fertility and soil quality, and reduce soil p H and EC value, and the effect of MR4(60 t/hm^(2)) is the best.