东亚儒学的复古思潮与伊藤仁斋的古义学——以《孟子》的诠释为中心

The Retro Trend in Confucianism in East Asia and Jinsai Ito’s Kogigaku:a Case Discussion on the Interpretation of The Mencius

日本儒学者伊藤仁斋在吴廷翰思想的冲击下,从朱子学转向复古思想并最终形成古义学。伊藤仁斋的古义学通过重新建构以《论语》、《孟子》为中心的诠释体系,对朱子学的范式进行了变革。在《孟子》的诠释中,他不仅认为孔子"性相近"与孟子"性善"讨论的都是气质之性,还以《论语》仁政为中心有保留地肯定了《孟子》革命式的"放伐"思想。伊藤仁斋的古义学与中国清代考据学共同构成了十七世纪的复古思潮,其射程体现了东亚儒学思想的联动性。

Under the influence of Wu Tinghan’s thought,Jinsai Ito,a famous Japanese Confucian scholar,by abandoning Zhu Xi’s thoughts and reviving the Classical Confucianism,established Kogigaku.In establishing Kogigaku,Jinsai Ito reconstructed the interpretation system built upon the classics of The Analects of Confucius and The Mencius and transformed the paradigm of Zhu Xi’s teachings.In the interpretation of The Mencius,Ito not only argued that Confucius’idea that human nature is similar and Mencius’belief that men are good in nature both concerned the nature by temperament,but also approved of the revolutionary idea in The Mencius with reservations centered on the policy of benevolence of The Analects of Confucius.Jinsai Ito’s Kogigaku and the Chinese Philology in the Qing Dynasty constitute the Retro Trend in the 17 th Century,and the range of the Trend’s influence reflects the correlation of Confucianism in East Asia.