3~5岁幼儿职业声望垂直空间、大小双重隐喻发展

Cognitive Development of Dual Vertical Space and Size Metaphors of Occupational Prestige Concepts in 3 to 5-year-old Children

为探讨3~5岁幼儿职业声望认知及职业声望垂直空间、大小双重隐喻的发展规律,研究采用将高声望职业人物和低声望职业人物图片放置垂直空间的上方/下方和大/小的人物剪影图片的任务操作。通过2个实验及综合分析结果发现:3岁幼儿职业声望隐喻理解能力开始萌芽,高职业声望为"上"的正极概念隐喻开始出现;4岁幼儿职业声望隐喻理解能力得到发展,已形成高职业声望为"上"、"大",低职业声望为"下"、"小"的双重隐喻能力;5岁幼儿职业声望的双重隐喻能力进一步加强。研究揭示:3~5岁幼儿对职业声望的隐喻加工存在正极优势。幼儿对职业声望的垂直空间和大小双重隐喻理解能力的发展不同步,职业声望的垂直空间隐喻发展优于大小隐喻。

Images with high-and low-prestige occupational characters were placed above and below a vertical space,and silhouette images of large and small characters were studied to explore the development law of occupational prestige cognition as well as dual vertical space and size metaphors of occupational prestige in children aged 3 to 5 years. Through two experiments and comprehensive analysis,it was determined that metaphor-comprehension ability of occupational prestige and the conceptual metaphor of the positive pole with high occupational prestige,such as‘up’,begin to emerge at the age of 3 years. At the age of 4 years,children’s metaphorical comprehension ability of occupational prestige is developed and has formed multiple metaphorical abilities with high occupational prestige,such as ‘up’and‘big’,and low occupational prestige,such as‘down’and‘small’. The ability of a 5-year-old to use multiple metaphors for career prestige is further enhanced. Children between the ages of 3 ~ 5 years have a positive advantage in metaphor processing of professional prestige. The development of children’s ability to understand multiple vertical space and size metaphors of occupational prestige is yet to be synchronised. Moreover,the development of vertical space metaphors of occupational prestige is better than that of size metaphors.