嫦娥五号着陆上升组合体GNC系统设计与实现

Design and implementation of GNC system of lander and ascender module of Chang’e-5 spacecraft

嫦娥五号(CE-5)着陆上升组合体实现了我国首次月球着陆并起飞的任务,着陆上升组合体的制导、导航与控制(GNC)系统是最重要的分系统之一.为了满足任务的重量要求、安全性要求和智能需求, GNC系统开展了轻量一体化设计,单一控制系统即可满足着陆、起飞、交会的全过程任务需求;以分层控制器为核心构建了高速鲁棒视觉避障系统,有效地节约了燃料并确保了着陆安全;在上升任务中首次实现了月面定姿定位及轨道自主入射,而交会过程主要依靠轮控保证姿态稳定度;此外,系统还具有全功能冗余和自主管理能力,提升了故障检测率和故障隔离能力.本文介绍了着陆上升组合体GNC系统的设计要点和实现情况.

The lander and ascender module of Chang’e-5 spacecraft achieved China’s first lunar landing and ascent mission. The guidance,navigation, and control(GNC) system is one of the most important subsystems. To meet the weight, safety, and intelligence requirement of the mission, light-weight integration designs are implemented in the GNC system, so that a single control system could meet the mission requirement of landing, ascent, and rendezvous. Moreover, a high-rate robust optical obstacle avoidance system is applied with a hierarchical controller, and landing security is enhanced while fuel consumption is minimized. Furthermore,autonomous attitude determination on the lunar surface and orbit insertion are achieved during the lunar ascent phase, and momentum wheels are relied on to obtain good attitude stability for the spacecraft during the rendezvous phase. Finally, the GNC system has fully functional redundancy and autonomous management, which significantly increases the fault detection and isolation capabilities. Here,we present key design specifications and implementations in the GNC system of the lander and ascender module.