焦循解《诗》初衷与曲护《毛传》的矛盾性及其成因探析——以《毛诗草木鸟兽虫鱼释》为中心

Exploration and Analysis of the Contradiction between Jiao Xun’s Original Intention in Annotating Mao Poetry and his Behavior of Shielding Mao’s Commentary Notes on the Book of Songs and its Cause——Focusing on Annotations to the Plants and Animals in Mao Poetry

焦循撰写《毛诗草木鸟兽虫鱼释》之缘由,是在《毛诗》文本基础上对前人《尔雅》研究进行补充与回应。这一理念在实际考证中常常让位于焦循对《毛传》和《诗序》的主观推崇,即体现为通过弥合前后文矛盾、规避误训、误读比附等方式曲护《毛传》。这种解经初衷与实践结论的矛盾性,不仅源于焦循的尊毛立场,也与其对同时期研究成果之忽视和自身治学方法之弊端密切相关。后者主要是指焦循在考证中存在对文献材料缺乏辨析、误用转语、“右文”推源和径改原典等问题。

Jiao Xun’s original intention of writing Annotations to the Plants and Animals in Mao Poetry was to complement and comment on the previous scholars’study on Er Ya based on Mao Poetry.However,this idea often yields to Jun Xun’s subjective praise of Mao’s Commentary Notes on the Book of Songs and Mao’s Prefaces to the Book of Songs in the actual textual research.Jiao Xun shielded Mao’s Commentary Notes on the Book of Songs by bridging the contradictions in the context,avoiding the misinterpretation,and misunderstanding?the references in his book.The contradiction between the original intention and practice of annotating Mao Poetry not only stems from Jiao Xun’s praise of Mao’s Commentary Notes on the Book of Songs and Mao’s Prefaces to the Book of Songs,but also is closely related to his neglect of contemporary research achievements and the drawbacks of his research methods;the latter is mainly reflected in his lack of discrimination of literature,the misuse of transformed words and phrases and rightward phonetic symbol to infer etymology and cognate and erroneous changes to the original text.