论确认债务不存在诉讼的受理审查要件——以凤凰公司诉赵茂生一案切入

On Requirements for Acceptance of and Investigation into Litigation of Confirming the Absence of Debt——A case study of Cao County Fenghuang Kaiyue Property Co.,Ltd.vs.Zhao Maosheng

我国立法对确认债务不存在诉讼未予明确规定,学界对该类诉讼的研究也十分鲜少,其受理审查要件仅能依据起诉的一般规定,由此导致法院在是否受理、如何审查该类案件时操作不一而造成混乱。故应对确认债务不存在诉讼的受理审查要件予以完善,即法院受理时除对一般的起诉条件进行审查外,还应着重对积极要件即诉的利益进行审查,具体应从被告是否存在不当行为、造成原告法律地位或权利的不安危险以及确认之诉是否妥当必要方面进行判断;其次应对消极要件即重复起诉区分前后诉的类型进行审查。

There are no explicit stipulations in Chinese law for litigation of confirming absence debt,and there is very little research on such litigation in academic circles.The requirements for acceptance and investigation can only be determined based on the general provisions of prosecution,which leads to inconsistent operations of courts in accepting and investigating such cases and thus bringing about the disorder.Therefore,it is necessary to identify the requirements for acceptance and investigation of litigation of confirming absence of debt,that is,in addition to investigating the general prosecution conditions,the courts should also focus on investigating the positive requirements,i.e.,interests of litigation during acceptance.To be specific,the courts should first judge whether the defendant has misconduct,the danger of disturbing the plaintiff's legal status or rights,and whether the confirmation litigation is appropriate and necessary;secondly,the courts should investigate the negative requirements,i.e.,distinguishing the types of earlier and later litigation in case of repeated litigation.