试点碳市场发展现状及对全国碳市场的启示

Development status of pilot carbon markets and its enlightenments to national carbon market

碳排放权交易是利用市场机制控制温室气体排放的政策工具,也是中国实现碳达峰目标和碳中和愿景的重要抓手.北京、天津、上海、重庆、湖北、广东、深圳和福建8个试点碳排放权交易市场运行实践取得显著成效,目前已建成规则体系健全、运行稳定、初具规模的碳市场,但同时也存在交易产品单一、价格信号尚不清晰等局限,这些都为全国碳市场建设和运行提供了宝贵实践经验和启示.在分析试点碳市场运行情况的基础上,提出从加快立法进程、扩大覆盖范围、推进配额管理、丰富交易品种、完善抵消机制、加强能力建设等方面稳步推进全国碳市场建设的建议.

Carbon emission trading is a market-based policy tool to control greenhouse gas emissions,as well as an important measure for China to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.The pilot projects in Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Chongqing,Hubei,Guangdong,Shenzhen,and Fujian have obtained significant achievements as the markets with sound system,stable operation and initial scale have been established.However,such limitations as deficiency in trading tools and non-accurate price signal are also found in them.The pilot projects provide valuable practical experience for the construction and operation of the national carbon market.This paper analyzes the present situation of the pilot carbon markets,and puts forward such suggestions to the stable development of the national carbon market as accelerating the legislative process,expanding the coverage,facilitating the quota control,enriching the trading tools,improving the offset mechanism,and strengthening its own capacity.