基于眼动行为的草原公路驾驶人精神负荷变化规律

The Mental Load of Drivers on the Prairie Highway Based on the Eye Movement Behavior

为了对比分析草原公路不同路段驾驶人精神负荷的差异性,选取15名驾驶人开展典型草原公路实驾试验,针对草原公路直线、弯道、交叉口及超车4种行驶工况,采集驾驶人注视、眨眼、瞳孔直径等数据,通过K-means聚类及高斯拟合等统计分析方法,分析驾驶人眨眼持续时间、眨眼频率、平均瞳孔大小表征驾驶人精神负荷的典型指标的变化规律。结果表明,相较于直线行车路段,驾驶人行经弯道、交叉口、超车等行驶工况下眨眼持续时间短、眨眼频率较慢,且超车行驶段变化最明显,而瞳孔面积大小规律则相反,超车段平均瞳孔大小最大,直线段最小;驾驶人在直线段、弯道、超车、交叉口、超车段各指标的突变率指标对比结果显示,超车工况下突变率最大,交叉口次之,弯道最小,安德鲁斯降维可视化调和曲线反映的规律与之完全一致。可见驾驶人在草原公路行驶环境中超车时其精神负荷突变性最大,交叉口次之,进入弯道时精神负荷变化最小,安德鲁斯曲线可以很好地应用于多指标下驾驶人精神负荷的差异的可视化对比。

In order to compare the difference of the mental load of drivers under different conditions of the prairie road,15 drivers were selected to carry out a typical prairie road driving test.The drivers'blink,pupil diameter data were collected under four driving conditions such as straight,curves,intersection and overtaking.The K-means clustering,Gaussian fitting and other statistical analysis methods were applied to analyze the driver's blink duration,blink rate,average pupil size and other characteristics of the driver,all of which were typical indicators of mental load.The results show that,compared with the straight road section,the blink duration is shorter,the blink frequency is slower,and the overtaking section changes most obviously under driving conditions such as curves,intersections,and overtaking.The pupil area changes in the opposite way.The average pupil area is the largest in the overtaking section,and the smallest in the straight section.The comparison results of the mutation rate index of each indicator of the driver show that the mutation rate under overtaking conditions is the largest,the intersection is the second,and the curve is the smallest.The law reflected by Andrews's dimensionality reduction visual harmonic curve is completely consistent with it.It can be seen that the change of the mental load of the driver is the largest when overtaking,the second is the intersection,and the change of the mental load is the smallest when entering a curve under prairie highway driving condition.The Andrews curve can be well applied to the visual comparison of the difference of the mental load of the driver under multiple indicators.