声动力疗法治疗肿瘤的机制及研究进展

Mechanisms and advances of sonodynamic therapy for tumor treatment

声动力疗法(sonodynamic therapy,SDT)最早由日本科学家Yumita提出,是一种起源于光动力疗法(photodynamic therapy,PDT)的非侵入性肿瘤治疗技术,而介导声动力治疗的一类物质也被其定义为声敏剂。与PDT的机制类似,SDT主要利用低频低强度超声照射声敏剂,从而产生活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)物质杀伤肿瘤细胞。相比于光动力疗法所使用的激光或微波,超声所具有的穿透性、可聚焦性以及照射部位可选性等特征使其在治疗深部肿瘤方面具有更高的靶向性及安全性,这也赋予了SDT靶向性强、操作简便、可重复等治疗优势。尽管SDT在肿瘤治疗方面已取得许多进展,与其他疗法的联合应用也展现出巨大潜力,但其基本机制仍未有一个明确定论。本文将对SDT治疗肿瘤的机制进行概括总结,旨在为其临床应用奠定理论基础。同时,还将探讨SDT在肿瘤治疗领域的研究进展,并展望SDT结合其他疗法的技术前景及发展局限性。

Developed from photodynamic therapy(PDT),Sonodynamic therapy(SDT)was initially introduced by Japanese scientist yumita as a non-invasive treatment that kills tumor cells.A class of substances that mediate SDT are defined as sonosensitizers.Similar to PDT,SDT mainly uses low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound to irradiate sonosensitizers,producing reactive oxygen species to kill tumor cells.Comparing to laser and microwave that are used by PDT,ultrasound brings higher targeting and safety to the treatment of deep tumors,which also makes SDT a promising therapy.This review aims to summarize the mechanisms of SDT,which can provide theoretical basis for clinical applications.We also focus on the potential strategy of combination with other therapeutic modalities and discuss the limitations and challenges of SDT in the future.