2017—2020年度某院流感患者流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of patients with influenza in a hospital from 2017 to 2020

目的了解2017—2020年度某院流感患者的流行病学特征,为制定防控策略提供依据。方法收集某区级医院2017年11月至2020年2月流感流行月份感染科门诊就诊患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果(1)不同年龄段流感病毒检出率以40~60岁人群中占比最大(54.71%),其次为20~39岁年龄组(36.02%)和60岁以上年龄组(29.98%),最少的为<20岁年龄组(4.89%)。(2)2020年2月份流感病毒检测阳性病例数50例(2.91%),与2018年[970(38.86)]和2019年度2月份检测阳性病例数相比[883(41.38)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。(3)2018—2020年1—2月份前6周流感病毒检出阳性率比较,其中第1~2周流感检出阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而第3~6周流感检出阳性率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001),其中2020年第3~6周流感阳性病例数呈显著递减趋势[866(53.33)、402(34.87)、70(12.70)、20(4.09)]。结论2019—2020年度与2017—2018年度、2018—2019年度相比流感的流行呈现明显不同的流行特征,采取戴口罩和居家隔离等防控措施可明显减少流感的发病率。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of patients with influenza in a hospital from 2017 to 2020,and to provide the basis for formulating prevention and control strategy.Methods The clinical data of outpatients in Infection Department of a district hospital from November 2017 to February 2020(the month of influenza pandemic)were collected for retrospective analysis.Results①The detection rate of influenza virus in different age groups was the highest in 40-60 years old group(54.71%),followed by 20-39 years old group(36.02%)and over 60 years old group(29.98%),and the lowest was<20 years old group(4.89%).②The number of cases positive for influenza virus in February 2020 was 50(2.91),which was 970(38.86)and 883(41.38)respectively in February 2018 and February 2019,with statistically significant differences(P<0.001).③In comparison of the positive rate of influenza virus in the first six weeks from January to February in 2018-2020,there was no significant difference in the positive rate of influenza virus between the first week to the second week(P>0.05);there were significant differences in the positive rate of influenza virus among the 3rd week,the 4th week,the 5th week and the 6th week(P<0.001);the number of cases positive for influenza virus in the 3rd-6th week of 2020 showed a significant decreasing trend[866(53.33),402(34.87),70(12.70),20(4.09)].Conclusion Compared with 2017-2018 and 2018-2019,the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in 2019-2020 are significantly different.Taking the preventive measures such as wearing masks and home quarantine can significantly reduce the incidence rate of influenza.