提取和激活模型下的汉语名词谓语句研究

The Nominal Predicate Construction in Chinese from the Perspective of Access and Activation Model

和英语名词谓语句不同,汉语名词谓语句由两个名词短语直接组合构句,并表现出语义关系的多样性和特殊的句法限制。本文以认知语法中的提取和激活模型为框架,考察该句式的认知本质及其与英语的根本差异。结果发现,该句式源自认知主体对两个名词短语的依次提取与归组操作,其语义和句法上的特殊性皆生发于这种动态提取构句方式。英语名词谓语句采用的则是以概念内容为基础的构句方式。此外,现代汉语双主语句和重动句也是动态提取构句方式操作的结果,都是汉语句法认知动态性的表现。本文分析既揭示了汉语名词谓语句的动态认知本质,也为我们认识汉英差异提供了新的视角。

Distinct from the nominal predication in English,the nominal predicate construction in Chinese combines NP1 with NP2 directly to form a complete sentence,exhibiting diverse semantic relationships between the two nominals as well as special syntactic constraints.From the cognitive grammar perspective,this paper analyzes the cognitive motivation of the construction and the essential difference between the nominal predications in Chinese and English.It is found that the Chinese nominal predication is derived from the sequential accessing and conceptual grouping of NP1 and NP2.The semantic and syntactic peculiarities are symptomatic of this dynamicity⁃based processing,different from the content⁃based processing of the nominal predication in English.Furthermore,the double subject construction and the verb copying construction in Chinese are also motivated by the dynamicity⁃based processing,and hence all these Chinese constructions embody the cognitive dynamicity of Chinese grammar.These findings not only provide a dynamic⁃cognitive account of the nominal predicate construction in Chinese,but also offer a new perspective on the difference between Chinese and English.