城市公园不同绿地植物群落结构对夏季小气候的影响

Influence of Plant Community Structures in Urban Park on Microclimate in Summer

以义乌市的绣湖公园为研究对象,实测8种群落结构绿地和1个硬质铺装对照组(CK)的温度、相对湿度、光照强度,研究城市公园中不同绿地植物群落结构对夏季小气候的影响。结果表明,光照强度与温度、相对湿度显著相关(P<0.05);以大乔木-小乔木-灌木-草、大乔木-草、单一大乔木3种结构的绿地对小气候调节能力最强,与其他植物群落结构之间形成显著差异(P<0.05);小乔木-草结构的绿地增湿效果大于降温效果;灌-草结构虽然有一定的调节效果,但与CK的温、湿度之间均差异不显著。研究结果表明,群落结构中大乔木在调节小气候方面起到主要作用,在城市绿地建设中,大乔木-小乔木-灌木-草结构的绿地应是首选绿化模式,应尽量避免灌木与草简单构成的植物结构,适当配植以草坪为代表的开放空间与密林景观形成视觉上的对比。

On August 10 th,18 th and 19 th 2020,determinations were carried out on air temperature,relative humidity and illumination intensity at 8 different communities and one control(paved road)in Xiuhu Park in Yiwu city,Zhejiang province.The results showed that the illumination intensity was significantly correlated with temperature and relative humidity(P<0.05).Structures like large arbor-small arbor-shrub-grass,large arbor-grass,and single large arbor had the strongest effect on microclimate with significant differences with the left structures.Small arbor-grass had better moistening effect than cooling one.While shrub-grass had no evident difference in temperature and humidity with CK.The research resulted that large arbor in the community structure plays a major role in regulating the microclimate.Structure of arbor-small arbor-shrubs-grass was recommended for urban green.