施肥对覆土栽培高节竹笋产量和品质的影响

Effect of Fertilization on Shoot Yield and Quality of Phyllostachys prominens under Soil Covered Cultivation

为研究施肥对覆土栽培高节竹phyllostachys prominens竹笋产量和品质的影响,设置了4个施肥处理,对不同处理后竹笋的产量、外观形态、营养物质、呈味物质、氨基酸含量等进行了比较分析。结果表明,在中(4 800kg·hm^(-2))、高(7 200 kg·hm^(-2))施肥量条件下,覆土栽培高节竹笋外观品质和产量明显提高;在中量施肥条件下,促进了高节竹笋可溶性糖的合成,抑制了木质素、单宁、总酸的积累,在高量施肥(7200kg·hm^(-2))条件下,高节竹笋的木质素、单宁、总酸含量升高,可溶性糖的积累受到抑制,竹笋的口感和营养品质下降;高节竹笋的氨基酸含量在低量施肥(2400kg·hm^(-2))处理下最高,苦味氨基酸占比显著低于对照(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,中量施肥可以显著提高覆土栽培高节竹笋的产量和品质,而过量施肥则会导致高节竹笋品质下降,因此,综合经济成本、产量和营养品质指标,覆土栽培条件下高节竹林的适宜施肥量为4 800 kg·hm^(-2)。

In October 2017,12 sample plots with 10×10 m were established in soil covered Phyllostachys prominens stands in Tonglu,Zhejiang province for fertilization experiment.In 2019,determinations were carried out on bamboo shoot from different treated plots.The results showed that the appearance quality and yield of Ph.sprominens shoot increased significantly with fertilization of 4800 and 7200 kg/ha.With fertilization of 4800 kg/ha,soluble sugar content of shoot was significantly increased,while lignin,tannin and total acid contents significantly decreased.Fertilization of 7200 kg/ha could increase the contents of lignin,tannin and total acid,and inhibit the accumulation of soluble sugar,indicating that the flavor and nutrient quality decreased.The content of amino acids in shoot was the highest from stand with fertilization of 2400 kg/ha,and the proportion of bitter amino acids was significantly lower than that in the CK.The experiment resulted that fertilization with 4800 kg/ha could significantly increase the yield and quality of shoot under soil covered cultivation.