从历史中走来:芬兰劳动技术课程改革及现实挑战

Learning from History:Reform and Challenges of Labor Technology Curriculum in Finland

19世纪末,芬兰将劳动教育引入到基础教育课程与教学活动中。经历了一百多年的发展,芬兰的劳动技术课程已形成较成熟和稳定的课程体系。作为基础教育中的国家核心课程,劳动技术课程始终坚持传承传统与融合创新相结合的理念,不断完善其课程设置、目标、内容、实施和评价体系,注重学科知识、学生基本生活技能,及横贯能力的发展,旨在促进学生的整体发展。当前,芬兰的劳动技术课程也面临着价值被重新评估、教学质量下滑课程支持资源削减、教师的综合能力不足等诸多问题和现实挑战。

At the end of 19th century,labor technology education was introduced into basic education course and teaching activities in Finland.The labor technology curriculum has developed into a mature and stable curriculum system after more than one hundred years development.As a national core course in Finnish basic education,the labor technolo­gy curriculum always adheres to the concept of combing inheritance of tradition and innova­tion.It constantly makes improvement in the curricular,objectives,content areas,pedagogi­cal and evaluation strategies of the system.Now,it focuses on the development of subject knowledge,students'daily life skills,and transversal competencies to promote the students'comprehensive development.However,Finnish labor technology curriculum are also facing many challenges,such as a reappraisal of the curriculum value,the decline of teach­ing quality in school,reduction of curriculum resources,and the insufficiency of teach­ers'comprehensive abilities.