圈养大熊猫体重的变化规律

Variation of body weight in all age groups of captive giant pandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

对中国大熊猫保护研究中心219只圈养大熊猫的体重进行分析,发现圈养大熊猫初生幼仔的体重为(0.16±0.04)kg,其与母兽的体重相关性不显著;幼仔期平均体重为(13.74±10.64)kg;亚成体期平均体重为(78.30±27.05)kg;成年个体平均体重为(112.25±12.04)kg;老年个体平均体重为(100.75±15.79)kg。初生幼仔体重雌、雄间无显著差异(P>0.05);幼仔、亚成体、成年及老年个体的大熊猫,雌性个体体重均小于雄性个体(P<0.05)。雌、雄大熊猫幼仔生长曲线均接近幂函数(Power),雌性亚成体大熊猫体重增长曲线接近三次方(Cubic)函数,雄性亚成体大熊猫体重增长曲线则呈S型;无论雌性和雄性,幼仔和亚成体期间均保持线性增长(P<0.05)。成年大熊猫体重的年度和季节间无显著差异(P>0.05),但进入成年后期时体重会下降。进入老年期后,雄性大熊猫的体重在后期有显著性下降(P<0.001)。本研究补充完善了大熊猫整个生活史的体重增长规律,为大熊猫迁地保护中饲养管理措施的制定提供了参考依据。

Body weight is a key indicator to assess developmental and healthy condition of captive animals.From 2017 to 2019,we weighed 219 pandas kept at China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda(CCRCGP),Dujiangyan,Sichuan,China every 15 days(data collection began in 2013 only in Hetaoping Base of CCRCGP).We found that:(1)the newborn’s body weight was(0.16±0.04)kg,and not significantly correlated with its mother’s weight;the cub’s body weight was(13.74±10.64)kg;sub-adult’s body weight was(78.30±27.05)kg;adult’s body weight was(112.25±12.04)kg;old-age’s body weight was(100.75±15.79)kg.(2)Female newborn’s body weight was similar to male’s but lighter in all other four age periods(P<0.05).(3)Both female and male giant panda cubs fitted the growth curve of Power,female sub-adult fitted the growth curve of Cubic,and male sub-adult fitted the growth curve of S.Both female and male giant pandas exhibit a linear growth in the period of cub and sub-adult(P<0.05).(4)Body weight of adult giant pandas did not vary significantly in different years and seasons(P>0.05),but became lighter at later age.Especially,there was a dramatic decline for male giant pandas in the later old period(P<0.001).Our study completed the growth patterns of captive giant pandas during their whole life history and provided referential value for husbandry management in ex situ conservation.