相互认知环境下人称指示照应的选择和理解

The choice and understanding of personal reference in the context of mutual cognition

在交际过程中双方互明的共知环境称为相互认知环境,它为交际和理解直接提供所有必需的信息。对言语交际中人称指示照应的理解起主要作用的是构成听话者认知环境的一系列假设。说话者旨在改变听话者的认知环境,使听话者通过推理获得其信息意图和交际意图,达到互明。因此,说话者在话语中使用人称指示照应时,必须对听话者的认知环境进行估计,选择与听话者认知环境最具关联性的人称指示词,以使听话者激活认知环境中的相关语境假设,推理出人称指示照应所指,进而获得说话者的信息意图和交际意图。成功的交际也使交际双方的相互认知环境得以扩大。

In the process of communication,the mutual understanding environment is called mutual cognitive environment,which directly provides all necessary information for communication and understanding.A series of hypotheses that constitute the hearer′s cognitive environment play a major role in the understanding of personal reference in verbal communication.The speaker aims to alter the hearer′s cognitive environment and make her intentions mutually manifest to the hearer.Therefore,when the speaker uses personal reference in discourse,he must estimate the cognitive environment of the hearer,and choose personal reference which is most relevant to the cognitive environment of the hearer,so as to activate the related information in the hearer′s cognitive environment to make the hearer understand the referent,and then acquire the speaker′s informative and communicative intentions.Successful communication also enlarges the mutual cognition environment of both sides.