林权抵押贷款可得性何以促进农户增收?

How Does Forest Right Mortgage Loan Availability Increase Farmers’Income?

农村土地产权抵押融资能否促进农户增收,是评价农村土地产权抵押贷款制度绩效的重要指标之一,而厘清土地产权抵押贷款对农户收入的影响机理在政策实施层面具有更重要的现实意义。文章以林权抵押贷款为例,在理论剖析林权抵押贷款可得性通过资本投入、土地和劳动力要素配置影响农户收入的基础上,采用课题组在江西、福建、安徽、湖北和浙江五省跟踪调研获得的9期非平衡面板2202个样本农户数据,运用面板工具变量法等实证检验了林权抵押贷款可得性对农户收入的影响。研究结果表明,林权抵押贷款可得性对农户林业收入、非农收入和家庭总收入均具有正向显著作用。内在机制检验结果进一步发现,林权抵押贷款可得性会为从事非农就业的农户提供资金,来增加农户的各项收入,即劳动力要素配置的中介效应被证实。然而,林地资本投入的中介效应未被证实,可能因为林业投入产出的滞后性导致近几年的资本投入尚未对林地产出和收益产生影响;同时林地流转的中介效应也未被证实,原因可能是调研地区农户流出林地较少,导致林地流转市场供需不平衡。因此,地方政府应该放松对林权抵押贷款用途的限制,为从事非农就业的农户提供资金并促进增收;同时,应该进一步完善包括林权在内的农村土地产权流转服务系统,促进林地流转市场供需平衡。

It is one of the important indicators to evaluate the performance of rural land property mortgage system that whether rural land property mortgage financing can promote loan farmers’income.Thus,excavating the influence mechanism of rural land property mortgage loan availability on farmers’income has greater realistic significance.Taking the forest right mortgage loan as an example,this paper theoretically analyzed whether and how the forest right mortgage loan availability could influence farmers’income through capital,land and labor allocation.Based on this,the nine-period unbalanced panel data containing 2202 sample farmers obtained by the research group in Jiangxi,Fujian,Anhui,Hubei and Zhejiang provinces was used,and panel IV(instrumental variable)method was employed to explore the effect of forest right mortgage loan availability on farmers’income.The quantitative analysis showed that farmers’forest right mortgage loan availability had positive effects on their forest income,off-farm income and total income.Furthermore,the internal mechanism results showed that the forest right mortgage loan availability would increase farmers’incomes by providing funds for farmers who engaged in off-farm activities.That is,the mediation effect of off-farm employment was proved.However,the mediation effect of forestland capital input was not confirmed,which might be because of the lag of forestry input and output.Moreover,the mediation effect of forestland transfer was not confirmed,which might be due to the fact that few farmers in the survey areas rent out forestland,which led to the imbalance of supply and demand of forestland transfer market.Therefore,local governments should relax the restrictions on the use of forest right mortgage loans,so as to provide funds for farmers engaged in non-agricultural employment and increase their incomes.At the same time,governments should further improve the rural land property rights(including forest rights)transfer service system,so as to promote the balance of supply and demand in the forestland transfer market.