中小学作业的异化及回归

Dissimilation and Return of Primary and Secondary School Work

中小学作业是最能发挥教师教学自主权的载体,也是学生进行自主学习的重要契机。然而,当前中小学作业被异化为训练的工具、控制的手段和竞争的资本,这样的作业不利于学生的成长与发展。研究认为:回顾作业的本质,知识巩固是作业的初心、能力拓展是作业的追求、交流合作是作业的灵魂、意义建构是作业的理想、教育公平是作业的升华,这样的作业才是最有价值的。在作业改革中,可以通过强化管理保证作业活动的科学性和合理性、通过科学设计提升作业内容的丰富性和差异性、通过精心组织加强作业实施的互动性与辅助性、通过优化反馈促进作业评价的教育性和多元化,最终实现提升作业效能的目的。

Homework in primary and secondary schools is not only the carrier of teachers'teaching autonomy,but also an important opportunity for students to carry out autonomous learning.However,the current primary and secondary school homework is alienated as a training tool,control means and competitive capital,which is not conducive to the growth and development of students.Looking back at the essence of homework,we can see that knowledge consolidation is the original intention of homework,that ability development is the pursuit of homework,that communication and cooperation is the soul of homework,meaning construction is the ideal of homework,and that education fairness is the sublimation of homework.Such homework is the most valuable.In the homework reform,we can ensure the scientificity and rationality of homework activities by strengthening management,enhance the richness and diversity of homework content by scientific design,enhance the interactivity and assistance of homework implementation by careful organization,and promote the education and diversification of homework evaluation by optimizing feedback,so as to ultimately achieve the purpose of improving homework efficiency.