基于县域尺度乡村地域多功能空间分异特征及类型划分——以湖南省为例

Multifunctional Spatial Characteristics of Rural Areas and Their Type Identification Based on County Scale:A Case of Hunan Province

以湖南省85个县(市、区)为研究对象,构建基于县域尺度乡村地域多功能评价的指标体系,采用ArcGIS自然间断点法和全局空间自相关研究非农生产、农业生产、生态保障和居住生活等四个功效的空间格局特征;采用Spearman等级相关系数定量分析功能间交互作用,识别乡村地域优势功能类型,并提出发展建议。结果表明:(1)从省域视角出发,乡村地区的功能空间布局呈现显著的差别以及空间集聚特征;(2)从乡村地域功能间的相关关系和功能间的交互作用,识别出各功能之间的交互作用类型(冲突、兼容、协调);(3)根据乡村区域功能与实际功能作用的相关性,将湖南省85个县(市、区)划分为9种不同类型的乡村地域功能,并据此提出不同类型地域空间的发展建议,以期为推动乡村转型和城乡融合提供参考;(4)乡村区域功能类型与乡村空间聚落布局形态相互影响,因此不同乡村地域功能应与村落布局和形态相协调,以此实现乡村空间的优化和促进地域功能的最大化利用。

At present,China’s rural areas are facing"Hollowing-out","Marginalization"and"Aging"of new three rural issues.How to promote rural revitalization and explore the effective path of rural transformation and development is imminent.The implementation of Rural Revitalization Strategy needs to refine the development path of different rural regional types.Therefore,it has important theoretical value and practical significance to carry out the research on the spatial distribution characteristics of villages and its influencing factors for comprehensively promoting the implementation of the national strategy of Rural Revitalization.As the fulcrum of sustainable development of rural system,the effective identification of its spatial pattern characteristics and obstacles is an important basis for optimizing the allocation of rural elements and promoting rural revitalization.This paper constructs the evaluation system of regional multi-function in rural areas,and explores spatial characteristics of four functions which involve non-agricultural production function,agricultural production function,living function and ecological protection function using ArcGIS and global spatial autocorrelation.Accoding to the Spearman rank correlation coefficient,it analyzes their interaction between functions,identifies the function type in each district and county,and puts forward the future policy recommendations.The results show that:1)At the provincial level,it shows the characteristics of significant spatial difference and spatial agglomeration in spatial pattern of regional function in rural areas.2)According to the correlation between rural regional functions and the actual interaction between functions,the types of interaction among various functions are obtained,so as to provide guidance for functional regulation.3)Based on the functional status and interaction between functions,86 districts and counties in Hunan Province are divided into nine types.According to the above,the paper puts forward some preliminary suggestions for the future development in rural areas of Hunan Province,so as to provide reference for promoting rural transformation and urban-rural integration.4)Types of regional function interact the spatial settlement form of villages,it should coordinate the different regional function and layout of rural settlements so as to optimize the rural space and promote the utilization of regional function.