我国煤矿冲击地压灾害研究进展及技术体系分析

Research Progress and Technical System Analysis of Coal Mine Rock Burst Disaster in China

基于冲击地压研究的相关技术资料,从发生机理、监测预警、灾害防治、规范标准等4方面归纳我国煤矿冲击地压灾害研究进展及技术现状。从复合型能量释放及动静载荷作用、地质弱面及煤岩体几何结构变化、煤岩体物理力学性质及应力分布规律、采掘工程扰动及井巷布局等4个方面分析致灾原因及演化规律。综述了监测预警的常规手段及常用的监测预警系统,结合多维多参量监测预警体系、动态监测预警体系等技术分析,对冲击地压监测预警开展了“五化”技术发展趋势展望。在分析深井防冲、多灾害联合防治等新技术的基础上,提出了包括冲击地压单一化防治向协同性防治转化、完善冲击地压智能化防治体系、建立地域性防冲技术库共3个方面的防治意见。

Based on the relevant technical data of rock burst,the research progress and technical status of rock burst in China′s coal mines are summarized from four aspects:occurrence mechanism,monitoring and early warning,disaster prevention and control,and norms and standards.The cause of disaster and its evolution law are analyzed from four aspects:compound energy release and dynamic and static load action,geological weak surface and geometric structure change of coal and rock mass,physical and mechanical properties of coal and rock mass and stress distribution law,mining engineering disturbance and shaft and roadway layout.The conventional means and common monitoring and early warning systems of rock burst monitoring and early warning are summarized.Combined with the technical analysis of multi-dimensional and multi-parameter monitoring and early warning system and dynamic monitoring and early warning system,the development trend of"five modernizations"technology for rock burst monitoring and early warning is prospected.On the basis of analyzing the new technologies of deep well anti-impact and multi-disaster joint prevention and control,three prevention and control suggestions are put forward,including the transformation from the single prevention and control to the cooperative prevention and control,the improvement of the intelligent prevention and control system of rock burst,and the establishment of regional anti-impact technology library.