黑米灌浆特性对花青素积累的影响

Effect of grain filling characteristics on anthocyanin accumulation in black rice

【目的】研究黑米籽粒灌浆特性对花青素积累的影响,为高花青素黑米品种的选育提供理论依据。【方法】以籽粒花青素含量具有显著差异的5个黑米品种为材料,采用完全随机设计进行盆栽种植,花后定期取样测定并分析籽粒干物质量与花青素的积累动态。【结果】5个黑米品种强弱势粒异步灌浆明显,强势粒最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率均高于弱势粒,且强势粒最大灌浆速率的出现时间早于弱势粒。随着灌浆进程的推进,5种黑米的花青素含量均先缓慢增加再快速增加,达到峰值后又有一定程度的降低。强弱势粒花青素积累动态差异显著,灌浆前中期强势粒花青素积累含量明显高于弱势粒,花青素含量达到峰值前的积累速率与最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率均呈显著正相关;灌浆中后期弱势粒花青素积累量高于强势粒,但降解速率明显缓于强势粒。在花后30 d,5个黑米品种弱势粒花青素含量均高于强势粒。【结论】黑米籽粒灌浆和花青素积累均存在显著的粒位差异;灌浆前中期花青素的快速积累与籽粒质量增加基本同步,且二者呈显著正相关;灌浆中后期弱势粒表现出较高的花青素积累优势和较缓的降解速率。

【Objective】This study investigated effect of grain filling and development on anthocyanin accumulation to provide basis for breeding of varieties with high anthocyanin content.【Method】Five black rice varieties owning significant difference in anthocyanin were planted in pots with completely randomized design.Dynamic accumulations of grain dry matter and anthocyanin were measured via regularly sampling after anthesis.【Result】There were markedly variations in grain filling between superior and inferior grains among the five black varieties.Time reaching maximum grain filling rate of superior grain was shorter than that of inferior grain.Higher maximum grain filling rate and mean grain filling rate were also found in superior grain compared with inferior grain.As the process of grain filling,anthocyanin content first increased followed by decrease after peak.There was significant difference in anthocyanin accumulation between superior and inferior grains.The anthocyanin content of superior grain was higher than that of inferior grain during early and middle terms of grain filling.Anthocyanin accumulation rate and anthocyanin content before peak were significantly and positively correlated with maximum grain filling rate and mean grain filling rate.Higher anthocyanin content of inferior grain was observed in middle and late stages of grain filling.During late period,reduction rate of anthocyanin content was slower in inferior grain compared with superior grain.Higher anthocyanin content was gained in inferior grain compared with superior grain 30 days after anthesis.【Conclusion】There were markedly variations in grain filling and anthocyanin accumulation between superior and inferior grains.During early and middle stages of grain filling,quick accumulation of anthocyanin had same pace with dry matter accumulation with significantly positive correlation.Inferior grains showed superiority in anthocyanin accumulation and slower reduction rate of anthocyanin during middle and late stages of grain filling.