水肥一体化模式对苹果叶片矿质元素含量的影响

Effects of fertigation mode on contents of mineral elements in apple leaves

【目的】研究滴灌施肥技术参数对不同生育期苹果叶片矿质元素含量的影响,为黄土高原洛川矮砧密植苹果园水肥一体化生产模式的确定提供参考。【方法】选择毛管布置方式(一行两管和一行一管)、滴头间距(30和50 cm)、施肥周期(15和30 d)3种滴灌施肥技术参数,设计三因素二水平完全组合试验,通过对开花期、新梢旺长期、果实膨大期、着色期、成熟期5个不同生育期苹果叶片的取样分析,研究滴灌施肥技术参数对苹果叶片氮、磷、钾、钙、镁含量的影响。【结果】不同滴灌施肥技术参数对苹果叶片矿质元素含量的影响不同,就毛管布置方式而言,一行两管处理较一行一管可有效增加苹果叶片磷、镁含量,但会使叶片钾含量降低。与滴头间距50 cm相比,间距30 cm处理苹果叶片的钾、镁含量均有所增加。毛管布置方式和滴头间距对叶片氮含量的影响随苹果生育期的变化而改变。与毛管布置方式和滴头间距相比,施肥周期对苹果叶片矿质元素含量影响更大,施肥周期15 d较30 d处理可有效增加苹果叶片磷、钾、钙、镁含量,但降低了叶片氮含量。不同处理组合相比,一行两管、滴头间距30 cm、施肥周期15 d的组合处理可使苹果叶片磷、钙、镁含量均处于较高水平。【结论】黄土高原洛川矮砧密植苹果园最佳滴灌施肥技术参数为一行两管、滴头间距30 cm、施肥周期15 d,该组合有利苹果叶片矿质元素的累积。

【Objective】The effects of different technical parameters of fertigation on mineral element contents in apple leaves were studied to provide reference for production model of fertigation for Luochuan apple orchards with dwarf anvil in the Loess Plateau.【Method】In this study,three factors and two levels of drip line layout(one pipe for a row and two pipes for a row),dripper spacing(30 and 50 cm)and fertilization cycle(15 and 30 d)were completely combined.Leaf samples were collected at five different growth stages,namely flowering stage,flourishing stage,fruit expansion stage,coloring stage and maturity stage.The effects of different technical parameters of fertigation on contents of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K),calcium(Ca)and magnesium(Mg)in apple leaves were then analyzed.【Result】Different technical parameters of fertigation had different effects on mineral element contents in apple leaves.In terms of drip line layout,two pipes for a row could effectively increase contents of P and Mg,but reduced K content in apple leaves.Compared with 50 cm,the dripper spacing of 30 cm could increase K and Mg contents in apple leaves.The effects of drip line layout and dripper spacing on N content in leaves varied in different growth periods.Compared with drip line layout and dripper spacing,fertilization cycle had greater effects on mineral element contents in apple leaves.Fertilization cycle of 15 d could effectively increase contents of P,K,Ca and Mg in apple leaves than the cycle of 30 d,but reduce N contents.The combined treatment of two pipes for a row,dripper spacing of 30 cm and fertilization cycle of 15 d were suggested to maintain high contents of P,Ca and Mg in apple leaves.【Conclusion】The optimum parameters of fertigation for Luochuan apple orchards with high density dwarfing in the Loess Plateau included two pipes for a row,dripper spacing of 30 cm and fertilization cycle of 15 d.This combination was beneficial to accumulation of mineral elements in apple leaves.