迈向以人为本的社会学--费孝通晚年学术历程反思及其启示

Towards a Human-centered Sociology:Implications of Fei Xiaotong's Reflection on the Development of His Sociological Thoughts in His Later Years

对社会本质的认识形成不同的社会观,影响着社会学者的学术理论和实践的发展,对社会学学科建设和学人学术研究具有根本的重要性。本文基于对费孝通晚年对自己一生学术生涯的回顾和思考,分析了其总结的两种社会观及其对应的社会学研究取向。接着,分析了两种社会观在他一生三个不同时期学术的影响。然后,本文指出费孝通将其三个时期学术生活总结的经验和教训归结到潘光旦的“新人文思想”,进而提出迈向“以人为本”的社会学观点。最后,本文认为“以人为本”的社会学研究在社会学理论发展与指导社会变迁实践上具有重要意义。

The understanding of the nature of society produces different social views,which affect the development of the theory and practice of sociologists,and is of fundamental importance to the construction of the discipline of sociology and to the scholars’ academic research as well. Based on Fei Xiaotong’s reflection on his academic career in his later years,this article analyzes the two views on society he developed and the corresponding sociological research orientations he proposed. The academic influence produced by his two views on society in the three different periods of his life is also under careful analysis in this article. On this basis,we point out that Fei Xiaotong attributed his academic views and achievements to the influence of Pan Guangdan’s “new humanistic thoughts ”, and accordingly put forward his “human-centered”view on society. Finally,we argue that the “humancentered”sociological research is of great significance to the development of sociological theories and plays an important role in guiding the practice of social change.