商业银行贷款用途违规问题研究

Research on the Violation of Loan Use in Commercial Banks

贷款用途违规问题在商业银行经营管理活动中相当突出,近三年有关商业银行贷款用途违规的行政处罚案在贷前调查、贷款发放和贷后管理环节都有所体现。金融监管部门之所以对贷款用途进行严格监管主要是因为贷款用途违规是商业银行信用风险发生的重要原因,它严重误导了国家宏观政策的贯彻执行,又是高利贷、洗钱、欺诈、赌博等违法犯罪活动滋生的重要因素。商业银行贷款违规问题背后有着复杂的宏观与微观方面的原因,需要从借款人、商业银行以及金融监管部门等三方角度进行综合分析。据此,要切实防范贷款违规的金融风险、从源头遏制金融违法犯罪,应真正追究借款人有关贷款用途的违约责任,商业银行要重整对借款人贷款用途的实质性调查、审核和管理流程,金融监管部门应及时更新有关贷款用途监管的理念、制度和手段。

The problem of loan use violation is quite prominent in the business management activities of commercial banks.In recent three years,the administrative punishment cases of loan use violation of commercial banks have been reflected in the pre-loan investigation,loan issuance and post-loan management.The reason why the financial regulatory authorities strictly supervise the use of loans is mainly because the illegal use of loans is an important reason for the occurrence of credit risk of commercial banks,which seriously misleads the implementation of national macro policies and is an important factor for the breeding of illegal and criminal activities such as usury,money laundering,fraud and gambling.There are complex macro and micro reasons behind the loan violation of commercial banks,which need to be comprehensively analyzed from the perspectives of borrowers,commercial banks and financial supervision departments.Therefore,the borrower's liability for breach of contract should be investigated,the commercial bank should reorganize the substantive investigation,examination and management process of the borrower's loan use,and the fi nancial supervision department should update the concept,system and means of loan use supervision in a timely manner.